优质均衡视域下城乡教师基本结构的供给侧改革研究

Supply-side Reform of the Basic Structure of Urban and Rural Teachers from the Perspective of High Quality Balance

结构决定功能,好的结构更有利于发挥功能。优质均衡视域下,城乡教师基本结构值得关注。现阶段城乡义务教育学校教师年龄结构失衡,老龄化趋势明显;学历结构表层达标平衡但深层失衡;职称结构整体合理但城乡间并不均衡,且高级岗位比例偏低。失衡的原因主要是特定历史时期对教师量的渴求大于对质的需求、教师由乡村向城市单向流动普遍存在、教师职称总体供给不足等。建议在供给侧采取以下措施:深化教师编制改革,提高乡村教师数量供给;改革城乡教师交流机制,力求城乡教师数量动态均衡;改革教师培养和培训体系,着力涵养乡村教育情怀;改革区域内教师合作机制,促使城乡教师协同发展。

Structure determines function,excellent structure is more conducive to function.The basic structure of urban and rural teachers deserves attention from the perspective of high quality balance.The age structure of teachers in urban and rural compulsory education schools is unbalanced and the aging trend is obvious at present;the surface level of academic structure is balanced,but the deep level is unbalanced;the overall structure of professional titles is reasonable,but there is an imbalance between urban and rural areas,and the proportion of senior positions is low.The main reasons for the imbalance are that the demand for the number of teachers in a specific historical period is greater than the demand for the quality of teachers,the one-way flow of teachers from rural areas to cities is common,and the overall supply of teachers’professional titles is insufficient.It is suggested that the following measures should be taken on the supply side:deepening the reform of teacher staffing and improving the supply of rural teachers;reforming the exchange mechanism of urban and rural teachers,and striving for a dynamic balance in the number of urban and rural teachers;reforming the teacher training system and focusing on cultivating rural education feelings;reforming the regional teacher cooperation mechanism and promoting the coordinated development of urban and rural teachers.