欧美国家人力资本对代际公平影响研究述评

A Review of European-American Researches on the Impact of Human Capital on Intergenerational Equality

国家财富应包括所有有助于人类生产的商品和服务的资源,但是早期的财富研究一直局限于将非人力的有形资源和金融债券视为财富,忽视了人力资本在财富中的作用,更忽略了人力资本对消除人口老龄化引起的代际不公的作用。随着人口老龄化不断加剧,老年人口消费的社会资源将比他们贡献的更多,在社会资源总量既定的情况下,会不断增加年轻一代的负担。为减轻年轻一代的负担,需要发挥人力资本在应对人口老龄化和带动经济增长的作用,但是前提条件要科学核算人力资本存量。述评对人力资本存量核算方法及其在实现代际公平方面作用机理的研究,有助于探索如何更好地借助人力资本应对人口老龄化产生的负面影响。

National wealth should include all resources that contribute to the production of goods and services the society needs.However,early wealth studies suffered from the limitation of considering only non-human tangible resources and financial bonds as wealth,while ignoring the role of human capital in wealth and,more importantly,the role of human capital in eliminating intergenerational inequalities caused by population aging.As population aging continues to increase,the older population will consume more social resources than they have contributed,increasing the burden on the younger generation with a given total amount of social resources.In order to reduce this kind of burden,it is necessary to take advantage of the role of human capital in coping with population aging and driving economic growth,but the prerequisite is a scientific calculation of human capital stock.By reviewing researches on the method of calculating human capital stock and the mechanism of its role in achieving intergenerational equality,this paper tries to explore how to better utilize human capital to cope with the negative effects of population aging.