朝鲜教育发展概况、特点与影响

The General Situation, Feature and Influence of Education Development in North Korea

1948年,朝鲜民主主义人民共和国成立,之后朝鲜迅速消除了文盲,并致力于发展教育事业。虽然经济发展水平较为落后,但朝鲜在教育保障方面付出了巨大努力,在20世纪70年代就实施了11年制义务教育,自2014年开始实施12年制义务教育,形成了独具特色的免费教育制度、边工作边学习的教育制度和儿童保育教育制度。同时,朝鲜的思想政治教育成果显著,体育、艺术教育培养了大量专业人才。朝鲜在发展教育事业的过程中,提高了全民素质,加强了国家统治,保障了实现自力更生的目标,但也在一定程度上抑制了儿童的自由发展,致使年轻一代两极分化严重,造成社会整体发展水平与教育发展程度互为消极影响。

After the founding of the country, North Korea quickly eliminated illiteracy and devoted to the development of education. Although the level of economic development is relatively backward, North Korea has made great efforts in education. In the 1970s, it implemented 11-year compulsory education. Since 2014, it has implemented 12-year compulsory education, forming a unique free education system, work-and-learn education system, and child care education system. At the same time, North Korea’s ideological and political education has achieved remarkable results;sports and arts education has cultivated a large number of professionals. In the process of education development, North Korea has improved the quality of the whole nation, strengthened state governance, and ensured the goal of achieving self-reliance. However, objectively, it has also restrained the free development of children to a certain extent, resulting in serious polarization of the younger generation. The social development and educational development have a negative impact on each other.