城市轨道交通网络关键站点识别方法对比与分析

Comparison and analysis of identification methods for critical stations in urban rail transit networks

为总结城市轨道交通网络关键站点识别方法的研究成果,推动其在关键交通设施保护领域的更广泛应用,调研了关键站点识别方法的研究现状,总结了国内外城市轨道交通网络关键站点识别的主要方法,并以上海市地铁网络为例对不同方法进行了对比与分析.结果表明:不同方法识别出的关键站点的分布规律存在差异,基于站点度中心性和介数中心性识别出的关键站点主要是网络中的换乘站点;基于站点紧密中心性识别出的关键站点主要分布在网络中心区域;但是基于网络效率损失识别出的关键站点主要位于环形线路和临近环形线路向外辐射的支路上.研究还发现:不同方法之间的相关性大小存在差异,对于客流介数中心性高的站点,一旦失效后对网络可达性损失的影响也较大;对于失效后造成乘客未满足出行需求高的站点,一旦失效后对网络效率损失的影响也较大;但紧密中心性较高的站点失效后对网络可达性损失和网络效率损失的影响并不显著.

In order to summarize the research advances in identification methods for critical stations in urban rail transit network and promote its wider application in protecting critical transportation facili⁃ties,this paper investigates the research status of critical station identification methods and summarizes the main methods for critical station identification from China and the world.Taking Shanghai metro network as an example,this paper compares and analyzes different identification methods.The results show that the distribution laws of critical stations identified by different methods vary.The critical sta⁃tions identified based on the indicator of station degree centrality and betweenness centrality are mainly transfer stations in the network.The critical stations identified based on the closeness centrality of sta⁃tions are mainly distributed in the central area of the network.However,the critical stations identified based on the loss of network efficiency are mainly located on the ring line and the branches radiating outward from the adjacent ring line.It is also found that there are differences in the correlation between different methods.For stations with high passenger betweenness centrality,once they fail,it will have a great impact on the loss of network accessibility.For stations failing to satisfy high passenger travel demand,once the failure occurs,it will have a great impact on the loss of network efficiency.How⁃ever,the failure of stations with high closeness centrality has no significant impact on the loss of net⁃work accessibility and network efficiency.