转向架斜楔摩擦特性研究

Research on friction characteristics of bogie wedge

为研究转K6转向架斜楔减振器主摩擦面的摩擦特性,设计了测量摩擦板在高频往复振动工况下动态摩擦系数的实验装置,测得不同工况下的摩擦系数,研究了压力、频率、振幅对摩擦系数的影响.在确定一个变量的工况下拟合得到摩擦系数和另两个变量的函数关系,并比较确定变量大小不同时函数关系的区别,进而分析3个变量对摩擦系数的综合影响规律.结果表明:除在低压力时摩擦系数会随振幅、频率增大持续增大外,摩擦系数随振幅、频率增大呈先增大后减小趋势,且频率增大引起的摩擦系数减小现象相比振幅增大更明显;除在大振幅、高频率时摩擦系数会随压力增大呈持续增大或先增大后减小趋势外,摩擦系数随压力增大呈现先减小后增大趋势.同时频率和振幅对摩擦系数影响规律的区别表明在往复振动工况下,测量摩擦系数更加符合摩擦板实际工作状态.依此结果,可改进现有斜楔减振器的参数以调整摩擦板摩擦系数大小,对于改善减振器性能以保证列车良好的动力学性能具有重要意义.

In order to study the friction characteristics of the main friction surface of the wedge damper on the rotating K6 bogie,an experimental device is designed to measure the dynamic friction coeffi⁃cient of the friction plate under high-frequency reciprocating vibration.The friction coefficients under different working conditions are measured,and the influence of pressure,frequency and amplitude on the friction coefficient is studied,respectively.Under the condition of determining one variable,the friction coefficient and the other two variables are obtained by fitting.The function relationships when the variables are in different values are compared,and the comprehensive effect of the three variables on the friction coefficient is analyzed.The results show that,except that the friction coefficient increases with the increase of amplitude and frequency at low pressure,the friction coefficient first in⁃creases and then decreases with the increase of amplitude and frequency.And the friction coefficient de⁃crease caused by frequency increase is more obvious than amplitude increase.Except for under large amplitude and high frequency,the friction coefficient will increase or first increase then decrease with the increasing pressure,and the friction coefficient first decreases and then increases with the increase of pressure.The difference between the influence of frequency and amplitude on friction coefficient show that the measurement of friction coefficient under the reciprocating vibration condition is more in line with the actual working state of friction plate than other conditions.According to this result,the parameters of the existing wedge damper can be improved to adjust the friction coefficient of the fric⁃tion plate,which is of great significance to improve the performance of the damper to ensure the great dynamic performance of the train.