金朝的儒家认同与中华民族共同体的构建——以衍圣公的封授为中心

The Rulers’Identification of the Confucian Culture in the Jin Dynasty and the Building of the Community for the Chinese Nation——Centered on the Awarding of the Duke Yansheng

由于受到本民族游牧生活和文化的影响,女真人在金朝建立前较少接触到儒家思想。金朝建立后,为了赢得治下汉人的支持,金朝统治者开始提倡“尊孔崇儒”,积极推广儒学,并将“衍圣公”和曲阜县令分别作为孔子后裔的世袭爵位和官职,使孔子后裔的社会地位得到了空前的提升,为后世各政权继续提升衍圣公的身份和地位打下了基础。虽然金朝推广儒学、封授孔子后裔的主要目的在于缓和民族矛盾、推进国家文化发展,但在客观上也赢得了以汉族为主体的各民族对其政权的认同,促进了民族融合和中华民族共同体进一步形成。

Before the establishment of the Jin Dynasty(1115-1234), the Jurchen, with their own nomadic life and culture embedded in their lives, rarely had the chance to have contact with Confucianism. Since the inception of the Jin Dynasty, in order to win the support of the Han ethnic group, Jin emperors began to lay emphasis on “worship for Confucianism”. In this respect, a good case in point is that they officially took “Duke Yansheng” and the “Qufu County Magistrate” as hereditary peerage and official title for Confucian descendants, respectively, which lifted their social status to an unprecedentedly high position and laid a solid foundation for the following dynasties to promote the identity and social status of the Duke Yansheng. Although such a move by the Jin Dynasty had originally meant to ease ethnic tensions and promote the development of national culture, objectively, they earned the political identification of its regime from the Han ethnic group as well as promoted the national integration and the shape of a community for the Chinese nation to a higher level.