广东省生猪产业发展历史演变、问题与对策

Historical Evolution,Problems and Countermeasures in Development of Guangdong Pig Industry

我国是最大的生猪养殖和猪肉消费国,猪肉产量直接影响城乡居民的“菜篮子”。广东在经济快速发展的同时,生猪养殖规模也稳居全国前列。但广东的生猪生产不足以满足本省猪肉需求,每年还需要从广西、湖南、海南、福建及江西等临近省份调进生猪。了解广东生猪生产变化,将有利于调整广东生猪生产模式、提高生猪产量。对《广东农村统计年鉴》的生猪生产数据进行深入分析,结果表明广东的生猪产能从改革开放前期的快速增长阶段到“十一五”之后趋于平稳;生猪产能正从经济快速发展的珠三角地区逐渐向粤西、粤北地区转移;生猪养殖效率不断提高,养殖规模正从最初的“小、散、乱”向规模化、集约化转型。当前广东生猪产业面临用地难、环保压力加大、疫病持续、养殖成本高等问题。针对这些问题提出加强重大疫病防控、打造安全生产环境,加强养殖设备改造、提高生产效率和生产安全,合理规划生猪养殖、推进生态化养殖,优化政策、提高养殖户养殖意愿等对策建议,以促进广东省生猪产业向高效化、产业化、生态化发展。

China is a country with the largest pig industry and the largest consumer of pork.The pork production in China directly affects the “vegetable basket” of urban and rural residents.With the rapid economic development,the scale of pig industry in Guangdong tops the forefront of the country.However,the pig production of Guangdong is not enough to meet the demand of local people,and pigs were brought in from neighboring provinces of Guangxi,Hunan,Hainan,Fujian and Jiangxi each year.Understanding the changes of pig production in Guangdong will help to adjust production mode and increase pig production.After thorough analysis on the pig production data in Guangdong Rural Statistical Yearbook,the results showed that the pig production capacity of Guangdong Province was increased rapidly at the early stage of the reform and opening-up and to relatively stable after the “11th Five-Year Plan”.Pig production capacity was gradually transferred from the Pearl River Delta,the rapid economic development region,to the western and northern of Guangdong.Furthermore,the efficiency of pig breeding has been continuously improved and the pig breeding scale is transforming from the initial phenomena of “small,scattered and disorderly” to large-scale and intensive.At present,the pig industry in Guangdong is faced with difficulties in land use,great pressure on environmental protection,persistent epidemics,high breeding costs and other problems.In view of the problems existing in the pig industry in Guangdong Province,corresponding development countermeasures are proposed to promote the pig industry to the development of high efficiency,industrialization and ecology,which include strengthening the prevention and control of major epidemics to create a safe production environment;strengthen ing the transformation of breeding equipment to improve production efficiency and production safety;reasonably planing pig breeding to promote ecological breeding;optimizing policies and regulations to improve the breeding willingness of farmers.