中国制度型开放水平的测度评价及政策优化

Research on Evaluation and Policy Optimization of Institutional Opening Level in China

基于制度型开放的概念内涵和基本特征,从营商环境、贸易投资自由化便利化、制度创新三个维度构建评价指标体系,运用熵权—Topsisi距离函数法对中国31个省(区、市)的制度型开放水平进行测度评价,结果表明:自贸区等对制度型开放水平具有明显的提升效应,广东、北京、上海、江苏、浙江、天津、福建等东部地区在引领制度型开放的同时,河南、湖南、四川、陕西、重庆等中西部地区的开放水平也随产业梯度转移和“一带一路”建设实现了跃升。然而,由于不同评价维度下短板弱项的存在,中国不同地区要实现制度型开放水平的整体提升,急需进一步推动自贸区向中西部和沿边地区优化布局,打造沿海、沿江、陆海通道等自贸区发展带和自贸区联盟,适时推动制度型开放平台转型升级,加快不同开放功能平台的集聚化发展。

Based on the conceptual connotation and basic characteristics of institutional openness,this paper evaluates the level of institutional openness of 31 provinces in China by using the Entropy-Topsisi Distance Function Method from the evaluation index system composed of business environment,trade and investment liberalization and facilitation,and institutional innovation.The results show that pilot free trade zones and other new era“experimental fields”have a significant improvement effect on the level of institution-based opening.Guangdong,Beijing,Shanghai,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Tianjin,Fujian and other eastern regions lead the institution-based opening.Central and western regions,such as Henan,Hunan,Sichuan,Shaanxi and Chongqing,have also witnessed rapid improvement in their opening-up level with the gradient transfer of industries and the belt and Road Initiative.However,due to the existence of weaknesses in different dimensions,in order to realize the overall improvement of institutional openness in China's different regions,it is imperative to further optimize the distribution of the new era“pilot fields”such as free trade zones to the central and western regions and border areas,develop free trade zones and free trade zone alliances along coastal areas,along rivers,and along land and sea corridors,promote the transformation and upgrading of institutional open platforms at an appropriate time,and accelerate the concentrated development of platforms with different open functions.