翻耕和松耕深度对紫色土中田烟和地烟主要农艺性状和产质量的影响

Effects of Tillage and Loose Tillage Depths on Yield,Quality and Major Agronomic Characters of Field and Ground Tobaccos in Purple Soil Field

[目的]为探索解决楚雄州植烟土壤耕层偏浅、结构失调等方面问题。[方法]研究了2018—2019年楚雄烟区紫色土田烟和地烟不同翻耕和松耕深度对烤烟主要农艺性状和产质量的影响。[结果]深翻耕和深松耕能够增加紫色土烤烟早生快发,提高烤烟农艺性状和烟株生物产量,改善烟叶化学成分。综合烤烟经济性状来看,田烟以深松耕40 cm和深翻耕30 cm的处理效果较好,烟叶产量和产值比对照分别增加442.50和301.05 kg/hm^(2)、13109.40和10512.90元/hm^(2);地烟以深翻耕40 cm和深松耕30 cm的处理效果较好,烟叶产量和产值比对照分别增加188.85~592.35 kg/hm^(2)和11880.03~11932.50元/hm^(2)。[结论]楚雄烟区烤烟生产中建议紫色土田烟耕作深松耕以40 cm为宜,深翻耕以30 cm为宜;紫色土地烟深松耕以30 cm为宜,深翻耕以40 cm为宜。

[Objective]To explore and solve the problems of shallow topsoil and structural imbalance of tobacco-growing soil in Chuxiong Prefecture.[Method]We studied the effects of different ploughing and loosening depths on the yield,quality and major agronomic characters of field and ground tobaccos in purple soil from 2018 to 2019.[Result]Deep ploughing and deep loosening could promote the early growth and rapid growth of flue-cured tobacco,improve the agronomic characters and biological yield of tobacco plants,and improve the chemical composition of tobacco leaves.Considering the economic characters of flue-cured tobacco,the treatments of deep loosening of 30 and 40 cm showed better effects,and the yield and output value of tobacco leaves increased by 442.50 and 301.05 kg/hm^(2) compared with the control,respectively.The treatments of deep ploughing 40 cm and deep loosening 30 cm showed better effects in purple soil,and the yield and output value of tobacco increased by 188.85-592.35 kg/hm^(2) and 11880.03-11932.50 yuan/hm^(2) respectively,compared with the control.[Conclusion]In the production of flue-cured tobacco in Chuxiong tobacco-growing area,it is suggested that 40 cm should be used for deep ploughing and 30 cm for deep tillage in purple soil field.And 30 cm should be used for deep loosening and 40 cm should be used for deep ploughing in purple land.