广东德庆县香山森林公园黄牛木种群特征研究

Study on Population Characteristics of Cratoxylum cochinchinense in Xiangshan Forest Park of Deqing County,Guangdong

[目的]分析黄牛木(Cratoxylum cochinchinense)种群结构特征和种群动态变化趋势。[方法]通过对广东省德庆县香山森林公园黄牛木群落进行样方调查,利用方差均值比率法和聚集度指标,对样地内的物种组成、年龄结构、空间结构、生活型谱、物种多样性等进行分析。[结果]样地内共有维管植物67种,隶属38科62属,植被分层明显,各层级的植物种类表现为灌木层(21种)=乔木层(21种)>草本层(15种)>层间层(10种);黄牛木种群的年龄结构呈现“纺锤型”,为稳定型种群,绝大部分个体尚未进入生理衰老期,且样地幼树数量少,表明样地中黄牛木的更新和生长压力较大;样地各层植物的丰富度指数以灌木层最大,为3.48,草本层和层间层的物种丰富度相对小;均匀度指数中灌木层植物最大,其次为草本层,分别为0.76、0.72,乔木层和层间层植物较小;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数也是以灌木层最大、草本层次之,分别为2.32和2.08;优势种群空间分布格局分析发现,黄牛木种群为聚集分布,马尾松(Pinus massoniana)种群为均匀分布。[结论]该研究可为广东德庆县黄牛木的经营管理及生态修复提供科学依据。

[Objective]To analyze the characteristics of Cratoxylum cochinchinense population structure and the trend of population dynamics.[Method]The sample plot of Xiangshan Forest Park in Deqing County of Zhaoqing City was set up by using the quadrangle survey method,and the species composition,age structure,spatial structure,lifestyle spectrum and species diversity were analyzed by combining the variance mean ratio method and aggregation index.[Result]67 species belonging to 38 families and 62 genera were recorded.The vegetation stratification was obvious,and the species number of shrub layer(21 species)=tree layer(21 species)>herb layer(15 species)>interlayer(10 species).The age structure of the Cratoxylum cochinchinense population showed a“spindle type”,which was a stable population.Most of the individuals had not entered the physiological aging stage,and the saplings in the population were few,which means there was pressure to the regeneration and growth of Cratoxylum cochinchinense population.The richness index of shrub layer was the highest(3.48),while that of herb layer and interlayer was relatively lower.In Pielou index,shrub layer and herb layer had the highest values of 0.76 and 0.72,respectively,while tree layer and interlayer plants were smaller.Shannon-Wiener index value was higher in shrub layer and herb layer,with values of 2.32 and 2.08.The analysis of spatial distribution pattern of dominant population showed that the population of Cratoxylum cochinchinense was clustered distribution,and the population of Pinus massoniana was evenly distributed.[Conclusion]The study can provide a scientific basis for the management and ecological restoration of Cratoxylum cochinchinense in Deqing County,Guangdong Pnovince.