慢性肾病相关性瘙痒症的动物模型研究进展

Advances in animal models of pruritus associated with chronic kidney disease

慢性肾病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)是各种原因引起的慢性肾结构和功能障碍(肾损害病史大于3个月)。慢性肾病相关性瘙痒症(chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus,CKD-aP)曾被称为尿毒症相关性瘙痒(uremic pruritus,UP),是全球晚期慢性肾疾病和终末期肾病患者的常见症状,透析患者的发生率为28%~70%。患者常因瘙痒而致皮肤损害、寝食难安,严重影响患者的生活质量和睡眠质量,甚至引起抑郁及自杀倾向,因此迫切需要加强CKD-aP发病机制及治疗研究。目前围绕CKD-aP相关的动物模型研究较为少见,建立一种可靠、有效的CKD-aP动物模型尤为重要。本文就CKD-aP的病因病理、相关慢性瘙痒模型及动物瘙痒行为评估展开综述。

Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is defined as a chronic structural and functional disorder of the kidney(history of kidney damage>3 months)with various causes.CKD-associated pruritus,previously known as uremic pruritus,is a common symptom in patients with advanced CKD and end-stage renal disease worldwide,with an incidence of 28%to 70%in dialysis patients.Pruritus can cause skin damage and sleep disturbances,which can in turn seriously affect patient quality of life and sleep quality,and may even lead to depression and suicidal tendencies.There is thus an urgent need to investigate the pathogenesis of and develop new treatments for CKD-associated pruritus.However,animal models of CKD-associated pruritus are rare,and a reliable and effective animal model is urgently required.In this paper,we review the etiopathology of CKD-associated pruritus,consider chronic pruritus models,and assess pruritus behavior in animals.