滇中高原湖泊流域土地利用变化及生态系统服务功能

Land Use Change and Ecosystem Service Function in Lake Basin of Central Yunnan Plateau

探明区域土地利用与生态系统服务价值的动态变化,对优化国土空间格局和生态建设与保护具有重要推动作用。以滇中五大高原湖泊流域(滇池、抚仙湖、星云湖、杞麓湖、阳宗海)为研究单元,根据2000年、2010年、2020年三期Landsat TM/OLI遥感土地利用数据,运用单一土地利用动态度、土地利用程度综合指数模型和土地利用转移矩阵分析土地利用结构及变化过程,基于修正后的生态系统服务价值当量和生态系统服务价值计算模型,分析了湖泊流域2000—2020年生态系统服务功能价值的变化特征。结果表明:(1)滇中高原湖泊流域的土地利用类型主要以农田、森林、草地和建设用地为主,建设用地面积持续增加,农田面积不断减少,年均减少速度为1.44%;(2)近20 a来,湖泊流域的土地利用处于发展阶段,土地利用程度变化率高达0.82,建设用地的面积净转入远大于净转出,导致农田面积急剧减少;(3)研究期内生态系统服务价值总体呈减少趋势,从2000年的224.94亿元减至2020年的209.58亿元,平均减少率为5.20%,水域、森林、草地是生态系统服务功能价值的主体部分,其生态系统服务价值占整个服务价值的94%以上;(4)单项生态系统服务价值中水文调节的生态服务价值贡献最大,除水资源供给的生态服务价值呈稳步上升趋势外,其余生态系统服务价值均呈减少的趋势,粮食生产服务功能价值损失最为显著,从2000年的4.8763×10^(8)元下降至2020年3.8945×10^(8)元。该区土地利用变化显著,总生态系统服务价值下降。

Exploring the dynamic changes of regional land use and ecosystem service value plays an important role in optimizing the spatial pattern of land and ecological construction and protection.Taking five plateau lake basins in central Yunnan(Dianchi Lake,Fuxian Lake,Xingyun Lake,Qilu Lake and Yangzong Lake)as research units,according to the Landsat TM/OLI remote sensing land use interpretation data in 2000,2010 and 2020,we analyzed the land use structure and change process by using single land use dynamic attitude,comprehensive index model of land use degree and land use transfer matrix.The results show that:(1)the land use types in the lake basin of Central Yunnan Plateau were mainly farmland,forest,grassland and construction land,with the construction land area increasing continuously and the farmland area decreasing continuously,with an average annual reduction rate of 1.44%;(2)during the past 20 years,the land use in lake basin was in a rapid development stage,and the change rate of land use degree was 0.82;the net transfer-in of construction land area was far greater than the net transfer-out,resulting in a sharp decrease in farmland area;(3)during the study period,the value of ecosystem services generally showed a decreasing trend,from 22.494 billion yuan in 2000 to 20.958 billion yuan in 2020,with an average reduction rate of 5.20%;water,forests and grasslands were the main parts of the value of ecosystem services,accounting for more than 94%of the total value of ecosystem services;(4)among individual ecosystem service values,hydrological regulation contributed the most;except for the steady increase of water supply,the other ecosystem service values showed a small trend,and the loss of food production service value was the most significant,from 4.8763×10^(8) yuan in 2000 to 3.8945×10^(8) yuan in 2020.Land use changes in the study area were significant,and the total value of ecosystem services declined.