中华民族共同体形塑的历史制度机制及其启示

On the Historical Mechanism of Institution Shaping the ChineseNational Community and Its Inspiration

制度是形塑共同体的核心变量。制度的形成、激活以及再次观念化是考察制度效度的周延思路。羁縻制度或羁縻政策是春秋战国时期形成的“大一统观念”和“华夷观念”的固化,并且一直处于变迁之中。这种变迁一方面是中央权力与羁縻边疆政权权力之间持续博弈的结果,另一方面则来源于中央王朝有意识地调整,从而渐趋完成了由羁縻边疆向政区化管理的治理模式转换。羁縻制度在长期运行过程中又逐渐形成一种更为稳固的制度文化(观念),从而给予羁縻边疆政权以“脚本”化认知,进一步提高了羁縻制度在塑造中华民族共同体上的效度。上述过程并没有终结,当下民族区域自治制度仍需为中华民族的“组合一体”与“民族交融”提供有效助益。

Institution is vital in shaping a community.The formation,activation,and reconceptualization of an institution are important approaches to investigate this system.The policy of winning the support of the border areas and neighboring states in peaceful ways,known as the bridling policy,began to be formed in the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Periods and had experienced constant changes.These changes reflect a balance of power between the central government and the border areas.They also resulted from the central government’s intentionally transforming the bridling policy to effectively governing the boarder as districts.The bridling policy thus had played an important role in shaping the Chinese national community and should continue to function in the integration of China as a nation.