宪法在部门法立法中的实施及完善

On the Implementation and Perfection of Constitution in Legislation

立法实施是宪法实施的重要路径,宪法在公法、私法场域不同部门法中的实施路径不甚相同。宪法在部门法中的实施既要确保宪法对部门法的价值统合,又要维护和尊重部门法自身的体系完整,还要维护和实现部门法之间,尤其是跨法域部门之间的较为妥当的衔接。目前,宪法在部门法中的实施总体向好,但也存在一些问题,如宪法与民法的衔接通畅问题、公法与社会法场域诸部门法单方面推进对宪法统领效果的稀释问题、宪法对部分性质定位不清的法律的统合问题等。这些问题是由法域分化时期划分标准的变迁冲突、作为顶点的宪法制度结构性不均衡以及部门法彼此之间的衔接不顺畅造成的。完善宪法在部门法中的实施路径,需以部门立法为着眼基点,明确法律部门划分的逻辑,确保宪法和部门法及部门法体系之间的衔接沟通。

Legislation is important for the implementation of constitution.The implementations of constitution in public and private laws are different.The implementation of constitution in the departmental law is required not only to ensure the integration of values of the constitution,but also to maintain and respect the integrity of departmental laws and the appropriateness between departmental laws,especially between departments of different scopes.The current implementation of constitution in departmental laws is not without problems.For example,there are flaws regarding the connection between the constitution and civil laws,the impact of departmental laws on the constitution’s efficacy in the fields of public and social laws,and the problem of the constitution’s integrating the laws that have not been clearly defined.These problems are associated with the conflicts in the changes of standards for division,the structural imbalance of the constitutional system,and the inadequate connection among departmental laws.To improve the implementation of our constitution in departmental laws,it is necessary to take legislation of departmental laws as a starting point,to clarify the logic of categorizing legal departments,and to ensure the connection and communication between the constitution and departmental laws as well as the system of departmental laws.