眼病外泌体生物学标志物的研究进展

Research progress of the exosomes as biomarkers for eye diseases

外泌体是细胞外囊泡的一个子集,直径为40~160 nm(平均100 nm)的生物活性分子,包括蛋白质、遗传物质(如mRNA、microRNA和DNA)、脂质、糖和细胞环境相关的结合物,存在于细胞外液如血液、脑脊液、唾液、泪液、眼房水等体液中,可介导细胞通讯、细胞分化、细胞废物管理、免疫调节和新血管形成等多种生物功能。随着外泌体研究的深入及个性化治疗的迅猛发展,将外泌体研究扩展到眼部疾病迅速成为研究的焦点。

Exosome,as a subset of extracellular vesicles,is a kind of bioactive molecules with diameters of 40 to 160 nm(average 100 nm),containing proteins,genetic materials(such as mRNA,microRNA and DNA),lipids,sugar,and cell environment-related conjugates.It exists in extracellular fluids such as blood,cerebrospinal fluid,saliva,tears,and aqueous humor,etc.,and can mediate a variety of biological functions such as cell communication,cell differentiation,cell waste management,immunoregulation,and neovascularization,etc.With the deepening of exosome research and the rapid development of individualized treatment,the extension of exosome research to eye diseases has rapidly become the focus of research.