基于生态系统服务评估的市域自然保护地体系优化:以福州市为例

Optimization of Municipal Protected Area System Based on Ecosystem Services Assessment:A Case Study of Fuzhou City

在中国自然保护地体制改革背景下,保护地优化整合成为目前研究的热点。自然保护地设立的保护目标多侧重于生物多样性的就地保护,较少关注生态系统服务。将生态系统服务纳入保护目标有利于提升自然保护地的综合效益。以位于闽江流域下游的福州市为例,基于当量因子法与价值聚类工具进行生态系统服务评估与空缺分析,并从分类体系、空间格局和管理体制3方面对市域自然保护地体系提出优化策略。结果表明:1)2018年福州市生态系统服务价值的估值为542.7亿元,不同类型的生态系统服务价值比较结果为调节服务>支持服务>供给服务>文化服务;2)福州市生态系统服务价值的分布呈现中心低、四周高的格局;3)福州市自然保护地体系存在3处保护空缺。进而,针对不同类型生态系统服务价值的保护空缺区域提出差异性优化策略,为市域自然保护地体系的快速评估与优化提供案例参照。

Under the background of China’s protected area system reform,the optimization and integration of protected areas have already become a research hotspot.The conservation objectives of existing protected areas mainly focus on in-situ biodiversity conservation,and rarely pay attention to ecosystem services.It is conductive to improving the comprehensive benefits of protected areas to incorporate ecosystem services into the conservation objective thereof.Taking Fuzhou City in the lower reaches of Minjiang River Basin as an example,this research conducts ecosystem services assessment and gap analysis based on the equivalent factor approach and relevant value clustering tools.It proposes strategies for optimizing the protected area system in Fuzhou City from the three aspects of classification system,spatial pattern and management system.Research results show that:1)the total ecosystem services value of Fuzhou City was 54.27 billion yuan in 2018,and the values of different types of ecosystem services in Fuzhou City are compared as follows:regulating service>supporting service>supplying service>cultural service;2)the distribution of ecosystem service value in Fuzhou City presents a general pattern of lower in the center while higher around;3)there are three conservation gaps in Fuzhou’s protected area system.The research proposes differential optimization strategies for conservation gap areas in different types of ecosystem services,in hope of providing a referential case for rapid assessment and optimization of municipal protected area system.