阁部升替:明代景泰朝中枢辅政格局之变

Alternation of Power and Position:The Change of the Central Auxiliary Administration in the Jingtai Period of the Ming Dynasty

景泰朝中枢辅政格局的变化,不仅是动态的更是深刻的。土木堡事变后,以于谦为代表的六部因在维持王朝统治、化解皇权危机过程中发挥了巨大作用,而一跃占据了中枢辅政的核心地位。但内阁、司礼监则凭借在明代中枢辅政体制中固有的定位和职能优势,以及在“易储”事件中的突出表现,使得自身地位在中枢辅政体系中再度超越六部,并进一步巩固了“双轨辅政”的中枢集权模式。尤其是内阁政治在景泰朝有了长足发展,内阁群辅的政治经济地位得到了整体提高,内阁运行的体制机制也得以进一步拓展和完善。

The change in the central assistant administration in the Jingtai period is dynamic and profound. After the "Civil Fort Incidence",the six ministries represented by Yu Qian played a great role in maintaining the rule of the dynasty and resolving the imperial power crisis and leaped to occupy the core position of the central assistant administration. However,with the inherent positioning and functional advantages in the central assistant administration of the Ming dynasty and the outstanding performance in the "replacement of the crown prince",the cabinet and the Secretary of Rites and supervisors once again surpassed the six ministries in the central auxiliary government system,and further consolidated the centralization mode of "dual assistant administration". In particular,cabinet politics has made great progress in the Jingtai period,the political and economic status of the cabinet has been improved as a whole,and the system and mechanism of cabinet operation has been further expanded and improved.