刑事证明中人工智能的应用:精准定位、理念反思与路径优化

The Application of Artificial Intelligence in Criminal Trial: Precise Positioning, Concept Reflection and Path Optimization

结合人工智能的实践应用和理论需求,发现刑事证明中人工智能“证明辅助”功能应被精细地定位在知识补充、知识指引及知识预警等功能之上,而如何管理人工智能是其能效释放的关键所在。刑事证明中人工智能的应用具有行政化倾向,主要体现在人工智能产品生成的“权力化”、知识指引的“刚性化”、知识补充和知识预警的“监督化”等方面,由此引发刑事审判的技术性错误和灵活性不足。对于人工智能的科学管理是解决现有困局的关键,政法决策层应将科学管理理论作为管理人工智能的理念源泉,借助管理改革发挥其功效。具体来说,在内部管理上,优化人工智能的智能技术、数据库、生成路径、设计法理等,以提高刑事证明中人工智能的可接受性,避免人工智能结论出现技术性错误;在外部管理上,优化人工智能对证明过程和证明结果的管理,设立正向教育和逆向反馈通道,以提升司法人员的独立性与积极性,平衡刑事审判的统一性和灵活性。

According to the practical application and theoretical demand of artificial intelligence, it is found that the function of “proof assistance” of artificial intelligence in criminal trial should be precisely located on the functions of knowledge supplement, knowledge guidance and knowledge warning. How to manage artificial intelligence is the key to it’s energy efficiency release. However, the application of artificial intelligence in criminal proof tends to be administrative. It is mainly embodied in the“power”of artificial intelligence products, the“rigidity”of knowledge guidance, the“supervision”of knowledge supplement and knowledge early warning, thus leading to the technical errors and lack of flexibility. As the scientific management of artificial intelligence is the key to solve the current dilemma, the political and legal decision-makers should take scientific management theory as the idea source of managing artificial intelligence. Specifically, in the internal management, we should optimize the artificial intelligence’s intelligent technology, database, generating path, legal principle, etc., in order to improve the acceptability of artificial intelligence;in the external management, we should optimize the process management and result management, set up positive education and the feedback channels, in order to enhance the independence and enthusiasm of judicial personnel, balance the unity and flexibility of criminal trial.