光固化3D打印陶瓷浆料及流变性研究进展

Research progress in ceramic slurries and rheology via photopolymerization-based 3D printing

基于光固化技术原理的陶瓷3D打印因可制备尺寸精度高、表面光洁度好、显微结构均匀和力学性能优异的复杂结构陶瓷零件而备受关注,是实现高性能陶瓷零件增材制造的重要技术手段之一。该技术的核心是制备同时具有高固含量和良好打印适性要求的陶瓷浆料,其组成对固化效果和打印进程有着至关重要的影响。本文综述了立体光固化(stereolithography,SL)和数字光处理(digital light processing,DLP)两种主流光固化3D打印方法用于光固化陶瓷打印的技术方案和工作原理,比较了两者的优缺点。围绕近年来在陶瓷浆料领域的研究工作,讨论了单体/低聚物和稀释剂、分散剂、陶瓷颗粒物理性质以及固含量等对黏度、剪切稀化/增稠行为、黏弹性、屈服应力等流变行为的影响,并提出了光固化3D打印陶瓷浆料的主要发展趋势和面临的挑战,为构建高固含量光固化3D打印陶瓷浆料提供了一般性指导原则。

Ceramic 3D printing based on stereolithography has attracted wide attention because it can fabricate complex ceramic components with high dimensional accuracy,good surface finish,uniform microstructure,and excellent mechanical properties.It is one of the important technical means to achieve high-performance parts by additive manufacturing.The core of the technology is to prepare ceramic slurries with high solid loading and good printability,and its composition has a vital influence on the curing effect and printing process.In this review,two main additive manufacturing methods,stereolithography(SL)and digital light processing(DLP),commonly used in ceramic 3D printing were introduced,and advantages and disadvantages of the two methods were compared.Based on the research work in the field of ceramic slurries in recent years,the effects of monomer/oligomer and diluent,dispersant,physical properties of ceramic particles and solid loading on viscosity,shear thinning/thickening behavior,viscoelasticity,yield stress were discussed.Finally,the main development trends and challenges of ceramic slurries via stereolithography were put forward in,and a general guiding principle for the construction of ceramic slurries with high solid loading was provided.