新型复合纳米材料用于光催化降解染料废水的研究进展

Research progress of new composite nanomaterials for photocatalytic degradation in dye wastewater

光催化技术是解决当今人类社会中环境问题和能源危机两大问题的有效途径,半导体材料在早期的研究中备受青睐。然而,单一半导体光催化剂存在可见光响应程度差、电子空穴对易复合等缺点,光催化技术在降解染料废水的应用中有效率较低,因此研究者对新型复合纳米材料作为光催化剂降解染料废水进行了深入的研究。本文介绍了石墨烯、金属有机骨架、碳量子点三种新型复合纳米材料用于光催化降解染料废水中污染物的研究进展和主要研究结果,按照复合纳米材料设计升级的思路,简述了部分新型复合纳米材料的制备方法,对目标污染物的降解率进行了分析。通过总结新型光催化材料降解水中污染物的性能,对未来发展趋势进行了展望,指出新型复合纳米材料在光催化方向今后的发展趋势和研究重点是有针对性的处理废水,并实现工业化。

Photocatalytic technology is an effective way to solve the two major problems of environmental problems and energy crisis in today’s human society.Semiconductor materials were favored in early research.However,a single semiconductor photocatalyst has disadvantages such as poor response to visible light and easy recombination of electron-hole pairs.Photocatalytic technology has low efficiency in the application of dye wastewater degradation.Therefore,researchers have conducted in-depth studies on the new composite nanomaterials as photocatalysts to degrade dye wastewater.The research progress and main results of three new composite nanomaterials of graphene,metal organic framework,and carbon quantum dots for photocatalytic degradation of pollutants in dye wastewater were introduced in this article.According to the idea of design and upgrading of composite nanomaterials,the preparation methods of some new composite nanomaterials were briefly described,and the degradation efficiency of target pollutants was analyzed.By summarizing the performance of different photocatalytic materials to degrade pollutants in water,the future development trend was prospected.The future development trend and research focus of new composite nanomaterials in the direction of photocatalysis are targeted treatment of wastewater and industrialization.