人工智能:海德格尔存在论的又一条探索之路?

Analysis on Another Tentative Solution to Heidegger’s Ontology from the AI Perspective

海德格尔早期从存在者出发研究存在,后期着力于直接从存在本身追问存在。存在与存在者之间的关系无法被完全割裂,可以有别于海德格尔,不是从某一个在存在者、存在论层次上具有优先性的存在者来追问存在,而是从不同存在者(前人类、人类和后人类)的共在序列中研究存在。所有存在者都从属于一个绵延着的生命共同体。依据当今认知科学的研究,较高层次的智能的产生随附于较低层次的大脑神经元的运转,低层次的物质演变跨过某一临界点之后高层次的智能就会涌现,智能的出现不依赖于特定的生物结构。人工智能作为一种后人类存在者的出现是可能的,这使从不同存在者的延续和共在中探究存在问题得以可能。以融贯的生命共同体来研究存在,探寻人类与其他存在者,尤其是后人类存在者的关系,或可成为推进海德格尔存在论研究的一条可能性路径。能否找到,特别是如何找到人类与人工智能共生共存而非你死我活的方法和策略,也将是人类在未来所面临的最为重要、最为艰巨的任务之一。

In his early years, Heidegger studied the concept “being(Sein)” through “beings(Seiende)”. However, in his later years, he focused on enquiring being directly from being itself. The relation between being and beings cannot be completely severed, and it is possible to differ from Heidegger by not pursuing being from a particular beings that has absolute priority in the aspects of both beings and ontology, but by studying being from the co-presence sequence of different beings(pre-human, human and post-human). We can also pursuit the question of being in terms of the chain of beings composed of human and non-human beings. From the perspective of the philosophy of life, all beings are subordinate to a continuous life community. With the help of the cognitive science research, we discovered that the generation of higher-level intelligence is accompanied by the operation of brain neurons at lower levels. After the evolution of lower-level matter crosses a certain critical point, higher-level intelligence will come forth, and the emergence of intelligence is independent of specific biological structure. Therefore, it is possible for artificial intelligence to appear as a kind of post-human beings, which makes it possible to explore the problem of being from the perspective of the continuation and co-existence of different beings. Studying being within the context of an integrated life community, and exploring the symbiotic relationship between human beings and the other beings, especially post-human beings, may appear to be a possible path to advance Heidegger’s research on ontology. Whether it is possible to find, especially how to find methods and strategies for the symbiotic coexistence rather than a life-or-death struggle between humans and AI, will be the most important and arduous task that human beings will face in the future.