基于自动灌溉模式的日光温室黄瓜土壤水分参数设定

Establishment of Soil Water Parameters for Cucumber in Solar Greenhouse Based on Automatic Irrigation Mode

为研究日光温室黄瓜土壤水分自动灌溉参数,以日光温室秋冬茬3个黄瓜品种(‘W9’,‘津优35’,‘德瑞特721’)为研究对象,在结果期共设95%FC(田间持水量)、90%FC、80%FC、70%FC及60%FC 5个土壤灌溉下限处理,研究不同土壤水分下限自动灌溉处理对土壤水分、黄瓜产量及水肥利用率的影响。结果表明:从3个黄瓜品种表现看,‘W9’对水分处理响应不敏感,产量无显著差异,而‘津优35’和‘德瑞特721’黄瓜处理间的表现相对一致。当灌溉下限为95%FC和90%FC时,灌溉频次增加,高土壤含水量并不会显著提高黄瓜产量,但灌溉水利用率和肥料偏生产力都显著下降;当灌溉下限为60%FC时,灌溉频次下降,灌溉水利用率和肥料偏生产力会显著提高,但土壤相对缺水使‘津优35’和‘德瑞特721’黄瓜造成了一定减产;当土壤含水量灌溉下限为70%FC及80%FC时,土壤水分基本维持在70%FC~100%FC范围内,能保证较高的黄瓜产量和水肥利用率,可作为秋冬茬黄瓜自动水肥管理的合理灌溉参数。

In order to study the automatic irrigation parameters of soil water for cucumber in solar greenhouse,through taking three cucumber varieties('W9','Jinyou 35','De Ruite 721')in the solar greenhouse autumn-winter season as research objects,an experiment set five treatments of different irrigation lower limits during the fruiting period of cucumber,including 95%FC(field water holding capacity),90%FC,80%FC,70%FC and 60%FC,studying effects of different automatic irrigation treatments based on different soil water lower limits on soil water content,cucumber yield,water and fertilizer use efficiency.The results showed that from the performance of the three cucumber cultivars,'W9'was insensitive to different water treatments and had no significant difference in yield,but the performances of'Jinyou 35'and'De Ruite 721'were relatively consistent between different treatments.When the lower irrigation limit of soil water content was 95%FC or 90%FC,the frequency of irrigation was raised,and the high soil water content did not significantly improve the cucumber yield,but the irrigation water use efficiency and fertilizer partial productivity decreased significantly.When the lower irrigation limit of soil water content was 60%FC,the frequency of irrigation decreased,although the irrigation water use efficiency and fertilizer partial productivity increased significantly,the relative lack of soil water caused a certain reduction in yield of'Jinyou 35'and'De Ruite 721'.When the lower limit of soil moisture irrigation were 70%FC and 80%FC,the soil water content was basically maintained in the range of 70%FC-100%FC,which could ensure higher yield and use efficiencies of water and fertilizer,and 70%FC-80%FC could be used as reasonable irrigation parameters for automatic fertigation of cucumber in autumn and winter season.