养分专家系统推荐施肥对大豆产量及养分吸收利用的影响

Effects of Recommended Fertilization by Nutrient Expert on Yield and Nutrient Uptake and Utilization of Soybean

为推动大豆科学施肥,采用田间试验,设置养分专家系统推荐施肥(NE)、在NE基础上不施氮肥(NE-N)、NE基础上不施磷肥(NE-P)、NE基础上不施钾肥(NE-K)、推荐施肥(ST)和农户施肥(FP)处理,研究养分专家系统推荐施肥对大豆产量和经济效益、地上部生物量、养分积累量及肥料利用效率的影响.结果表明:养分专家系统推荐施肥(NE)较缺素处理(NE-N、NE-P、NE-K)分别增产24.59%、16.14%、11.42%,收益分别增加4131、2784和1925元/hm^(2);较农户施肥增产13.06%,增收14.32%,植株氮积累量显著增加13.88%.养分专家系统推荐施肥化肥偏生产力为25.07 kg/kg,显著高于农户施肥,基于养分专家系统推荐施肥的氮、磷、钾肥农学效率分别为11.14、21.84和11.04 kg/kg,肥料利用率分别为44.99%、26.31%、33.29%.养分专家系统推荐施肥优化了氮、磷、钾肥配比,促进了大豆对养分的吸收利用,提高了肥料利用率,较农户施肥产量和经济效益显著增加,可作为豫北潮土区大豆推荐施肥方法推广应用.

To promote scientific fertilization of soybean,by setting up nutrient expert system recommended fertilization(NE),no nitrogen fertilizer(NE-N)on the basis of NE,no phosphorus fertilizer(NE-P)on the basis of NE,no potassium fertilizer(NE-K)on the basis of NE,recommended fertilization(ST)and farmer household fertilization(FP)treatments,field experiments were conducted to study the effects of nutrient expert system recommended fertilization on soybean yield and economic benefit,aboveground biomass,nutrient accumulation and fertilizer use efficiency.Results showed that soybean yield increased by 24.59%with N application,16.14%with P_(2)O_(5) application and 11.42%with K_(2)O application,and their incomes increased by 4131,2784 and 1925 yuan/hm^(2) based on the fertilizer recommended by nutrient expert system,respectively.Compared to the farmers fertilization,the nutrient expert system recommends that fertilization increase production by 13.06%and income by 14.32%,and plant nitrogen accumulation significantly increases by 13.88%.The partial productivity of fertilizer recommended by nutrient expert system was 25.07 kg/kg,which was significantly higher than the farmers fertilization.The agricultural efficiencies of N,P_(2)O_(5) and K_(2)O fertilizer recommended by nutrient expert system were 11.14,21.84 and 11.04 kg/kg,and the fertilizer utilization rates were 44.99%,26.31%and 33.29%,respectively.Nutrient expert system recommended fertilization optimized the ratios of N,P_(2)O_(5) and K_(2)O,promoted the absorption and utilization of nutrients of soybean,improved the utilization rate of fertilizer,and significantly increased the yield and economic benefit of fertilization compared with farmers,which can be used as a recommended method of soybean fertilization in the tidal soil area of northern Henan Province.