冯·赖特道义必然的逻辑

A Logic of von Wright’s Deontic Necessity

在本文中,我们在冯·赖特(G.von Wright)的道义逻辑和贝泽拉(E.Bezerra)与文丘里(G.Venturi)的■逻辑之间架起一座桥梁:一方面,我们将■算子解释成冯·赖特的道义必然;另一方面,我们给出冯·赖特道义模态词的确切语义。受启发于一个几乎可定义模式,我们解释为什么极小■逻辑的典范模型以那种方式被定义。我们也提出■逻辑的各种公理化,其中传递系统也是受到上述模式的启发。我们解释为什么文献中关于■的两种不等价语义,其中一个是标准的,另一个是非标准的,能给出相同的逻辑。在结尾部分,我们将讨论道义非偶然和道义偶然的概念。

In this paper,we build a bridge between G.von Wright’s deontic logic and E.Bezerra and G.Venturi’s■-logic,in the sense that on one hand,we give an interpretation of■-operator as von Wright’s deontic necessity,and on the other hand,we give the exact semantics of von Wright’s deontic modalities.Inspired by an almost definability schema,we explain why the canonical model of the minimal■-logic is defined in that way.We also present various axiomatizations of■-logic,among which the transitive system is also inspired by the schema in question.We explain why the two non-equivalent semantics for■involved in the literature,one of which is standard and the other is non-standard,come to give the same logic.We conclude with some discussions about notions of deontic non-contingency and deontic contingency.