岛礁官兵饮食模式与焦虑和抑郁的相关性分析

Investigation on the association between diet pattern and depression and anxiety in officers and men on the reef

目的了解常驻岛礁官兵焦虑和抑郁的情况,评估其饮食摄入与焦虑和抑郁风险之间的关系。方法2016年8月至2021年8月采用整群抽样的方法选取完成体检和自我管理问卷的某部驻岛官兵临床资料,问卷内容包括年龄、民族、婚姻状态、驻岛时长、体重指数(body mass index,BMI)、吸烟和饮酒习惯。通过焦虑自评量表(self‐rating anxiety scale,SAS)测量焦虑程度,通过抑郁自评量表(self‐rating depression scale,SDS)测量抑郁程度,并根据SAS和SDS评分情况进行分组。通过采用食物频率问卷调查表(food frequency questionnaire,FFQ)对饮食进行评估。采用多元素Logistic回归分析,对多种食品与抑郁和焦虑的相关性进行评估。结果纳入808名驻岛官兵,男性官兵为806名,女性为2名,年龄(34.22±8.50)岁,岛上工作时间1~6个月。其中汉族占72.3%,已婚占55.7%,有吸烟习惯占48.5%,有饮酒习惯占37.6%。SAS、SDS评分结果显示,得分分别为(29.6±7.3)分和(34.8±10.7)分。按SAS、SDS评分结果进行分组,评分结果中SAS>50分为焦虑组(8例),SAS≤50分为非焦虑组(800例)。SDS>50分为抑郁组(97例),SAS≤50分为非抑郁组(711例)。焦虑组与非焦虑组的食物种类中豆制品类、鱼类和肉类的消耗频率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。抑郁组与非抑郁组的食物种类中豆制品类、鱼类和肉类、奶制品、蛋、饮水的消耗频率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。采用多元素Logistic回归分析发现,豆制品类是焦虑发生的保护因素,豆制品类、鱼和肉类、奶制品、蛋、饮水为抑郁发生的保护因素。结论增加豆制品、鱼类和肉类、奶制品、蛋、饮水的用量与减轻驻岛官兵抑郁和焦虑的概率有关,其因果关系可通过进一步研究确认。

Objective To investigate the status of anxiety and depression among the officers and men permanently stationed on the reef,and also to evaluate the relationship between dietary intake and risks of anxiety and depression.Methods A cluster sampling method was used to select those officers and men who stationed on the island had completed physical examinations and self‐administered questionnaires.The contents of the questionnaire included such demographic data as age,nationality,marriage status,service life on the island,body mass index(BMI)and the habits of smoking and drinking.The degrees of anxiety and depression were detected respectively by self‐rating anxiety scale(SAS)and self‐rating depression scale(SDS).Divisions were made by SAS and SDS scores.Diet was assessed by using the food frequency questionnaire(FFQ).Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the dietary quality and the odds ratio of food groups after adjustment of confounding factors.Results Totally included were 808 officers and men,of whom 806 were males and 2 were females,with an age of(34.22±8.50)years,and service time on the island for 1‐6 months.Of the 808 officers and men,the Han nationality acounted for 72.3%,of whom 55.7%were married,48.5%had the habit of smoking and 37.6%had the habit of alcohol drinking.Detection results indicated that SAS and SDS scores were(29.6±7.3)and(34.8±10.7)respectively.By depending upon the scores of SAS and SDS,those cases with the SAS scores SAS>50(n=8)were the anxiety group(n=8),conversely those with the SAS scores≤50 were the non‐anxiety group(n=800),and those with the SAS scores>50 were the depression group(n=97),whereas those cases with the SAS scores≤50 were the non‐depressed group(n=771).There was statistical significance in consumption frequency and consumption of such food components as bean products,fish and meat,when comparisons were made between the anxiety group and the non‐anxiety group.There was also statistical significance in consumption frequency and consumption of such food types as bean products,fish and meat,dairy products,eggs and drinking water,when comparisons were made between the groups(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis revealed that bean products were pretective factors against anxiety,while bean products,fish and meat,dairy products,eggs and drinking water were protective factors against depression.Conclusions Increased intake of bean products,fish and meat,dairy products,eggs and increased intake of drinking water may be associated with the reduced rates of depression and anxiety in military personnel on the reef.The causal relationship might be confirmed with further research.