集聚、研发要素流动与产业竞争力--以高端服务业为例

Agglomeration,R&D Factor Flow and Industrial Competitiveness:Taking the High-end Service Industry as an Example

利用新经济地理学理论构建了高端服务业集聚、研发要素流动影响高端服务业竞争力的理论模型。理论分析表明,高端服务业竞争力与高端服务业集聚度、研发要素流动、劳动力数量、工业品支出份额正相关,与产品间替代弹性负相关。继而,利用中国31个省市自治区(因数据缺失,不包含港澳台地区)2003—2018年数据,空间探索性分析发现中国省域间高端服务业竞争力存在明显空间正自相关性。空间面板计量模型检验结果也很好地支持了理论模型的结论。表明高端服务业聚集度、R&D人员流动量和R&D资本流动量的提升正向促进高端服务业竞争力,但三者的总效应主要是由直接溢出效应决定的。本文结论为我国进一步促进高端服务业集聚,统筹区际间研发要素流动,进而提升中国高端服务业竞争力提供政策启示。

Using the theory of new economic geography,a theoretical model of the agglomeration of high-end service industry and the flow of R&D factors affecting the competitiveness of high-end service industry was constructed. Theoretical analysis shows that the competitiveness of high-end service industry is positively correlated with the agglomeration degree of high-end service industry,the flow of R&D factors,the number of labor force and the share of industrial product expenditures,and negatively correlated with the elasticity of substitution between products. Then,using the data of 31 provinces in China's mainland from 2003 to 2018,spatial exploratory analysis found that there was an obvious spatial positive autocorrelation in the competitiveness of high-end service industry among Chinese provinces. The test results of spatial panel econometric model also well support the conclusion of the theoretical model. It shows that the improvement of high-end service industry agglomeration,R&D personnel flow and R&D capital flow positively promote the competitiveness of high-end service industry,but the total effect of the three is mainly determined by the direct spillover effect. The conclusion of this paper provides policy enlightenment for China to further promote the agglomeration of high-end service industry,coordinate the flow of interregional R&D factors,and then enhance the competitiveness of China’s high-end service industry.