某市3929例支气管炎儿童鼻咽拭子百日咳杆菌核酸检测结果分析

Analysis of nucleic acid detection results of Pertussis bacillus from nasopharyngeal swabs in 3929 children with bronchitis in a city

目的对深圳市3929例支气管炎儿童鼻咽拭子百日咳杆菌核酸检测结果分析,了解百日咳在儿童的流行情况,为深圳市儿童百日咳的防治提供科学依据。方法选取2019年1月1日至2021年9月20日3929例临床申请单上诊断为支气管炎的儿童患者作为研究对象,采用PCR方法检测百日咳杆菌核酸。结果3929例鼻咽拭子百日咳核酸检测出236例阳性,阳性率为6.01%。其中男童阳性率为5.45%,女童6.81%,比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.10)。不同年龄组阳性率比较,学龄组(8.27%)>婴儿组(6.28%)>学龄前组(5.54%)>幼儿组(4.26%),比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同季节阳性率比较,2019年,夏>春>秋>冬,春夏两季阳性率显著高于秋冬两季;2020年,春>秋>夏>冬,春季阳性率显著高于其他三季;2021年,秋>夏>春,三季比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同年份的春季阳性率比较,2019年春>2020年春>2021年春,2019年和2020年春季比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.61),其他两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);不同年份的夏季阳性率比较,2019年夏>2021年夏>2020年夏,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);不同年份的秋季阳性率比较,2021年秋>2019年秋>2020年秋,2019和2021年秋季比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.32),其他两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);不同年份的冬季阳性率比较,2019年冬>2020年冬,比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。2019年、2020年和2021年三组阳性率呈凹字型分布。结论深圳市儿童百日咳在各年龄段均可发生,春夏季高于秋冬季,应加强监测工作和提高疫苗的有效性和覆盖率。

Objective The results of nucleic acid detection of pertussis bacillus from nasopharyngeal swabs of 3929 children with bronchitis in Shenzhen were analyzed,to understand the prevalence of pertussis in children,and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of pertussis in children in Shenzhen.Methods A total of 3929 children diagnosed with bronchitis on the clinical application form from January 1,2019 to September 20,2021 were selected as the study subjects.PCR method was used to detect the nucleic acid of B.Pertussis.Results 236 cases of the 3929 test samples were positive,with a positive rate of 6.01%.Among them,the positive rate of boys was 5.45%,and the positive rate of girls was 6.81%.There was no statistical significance between boys and girls(P=0.10).Comparison of the positive rates of different age groups,school age group(8.27%)>infant group(6.28%)>preschool group(5.54%)>toddler group(4.26%),and pairwise comparison among the four groups showed no statistical significance(P>0.05).Comparison of positive rates in different seasons,summer>spring>autumn>winter in 2019,the positive rates of spring and summer were significantly higher than that of autumn and winter(P<0.01);spring>autumn>summer>winter in 2020,the positive rates of winter and spring were significantly higher than the other three seasons(P<0.01);autumn>summer>spring in 2021,the comparison of the three seasons was statistically significant(P<0.05).The positive rate of spring in different years was as follows:spring of 2019>spring of 2020>spring of 2021.There was no statistical difference between spring of 2019 and spring of 2020(P=0.61),and there were significant differences in other pair comparisons(P<0.01).The positive rates of different years in summer were as follows:summer of 2019>summer of 2021>summer of 2020,with statistical significance(P<0.01).The positive rate in autumn of 2021>autumn of 2019>autumn of 2020,and there was no difference between 2019 and autumn of 2021(P=0.32),but there were significant differences in other pair comparisons(P<0.01).The positive rate in winter of different years was significantly higher in winter of 2019 than in winter of 2020(P<0.01).The positive rates of the three groups in 2019,2020 and 2021 showed a concave shaped distribution.Conclusion Pertussis in children in Shenzhen can occur at all ages.The positive rate in spring and summer is higher than that in autumn and winter.Monitoring work should be strengthened and the effectiveness of vaccines should be improved.