大健康语境下临终叙事陪护师的伦理价值

The Ethical Value of Hospice Narrative Doulas in the Context of Great Health

死亡是生命进程中的最后一个过渡仪式。无论对于死者或生者的生命状态、家族伦理、社会关系,死亡均预示着重大的转变,并潜藏一定的危机。生命健康叙事理念提出,生命进程的任何过渡都需要叙事介入和叙事照护,死亡也是一样。在这一理念的倡导下,临终陪护师应运而生。临终叙事陪护师以叙事理念为框架,为生命末期的主体及其家人提供情感、身体、精神等的支持,近距离地陪护临终者,聆听他们的人生故事,帮助他们记录和口述个人自传,重建和修复人际叙事连接,甚至与临终者共同策划葬礼细节等。临终叙事照护师将围绕死亡创造出一种个性化和人性化的仪式和流程,将现代医疗语境下所丢失的灵性和人性重新归还给死亡本身。

Death is the last transitional rite in the life process.Whether for the life state,family ethics or social relations of both the dead or the living,death indicates a major change and hides a certain crisis.The bio-health narrative concept puts forward that any transitional rite of life process requires narrative intervention and narrative care,as does death.Under the guidance of the concept,the profession of narrative death-doula came into being.Using the narrative concept as a framework,hospice narrative doulas provide emotional,physical,mental support to the terminal stage subjects and their families by accompanying the dying at close range,listening to their life stories,helping them record and dictate their autobiographies,reconstructing and repairing interpersonal narrative connections,and even planning funeral details with the dying.The death narrative doulas will create a personalized and humanized ritual and process around death,restore the spirituality and humanity which has been lost in the modern medical context to death itself.