道德图式:基于道德创伤发生机制的整合

Moral Schema Based on the Integration of the Mechanism of Moral Injury

道德创伤是基于外部的不道德事件对个体或群体内心道德价值体系造成的冲击,引发的创伤症状。其产生的根源在于个体内在的道德图式与外在的道德情景相背离。道德图式作为个体在道德环境里规律性的活动中价值取向性的道德意识单元的集合体,由外周和内核共同构成。道德图式通过监督个体的言语和行为,基于道德实践情形对个体进行适度控制、以自我罪恶感作为裁定的工具来审视个体行为来实现道德自我的支配。道德图式对于发生的事件具有选择性,是创伤事件的过滤器。个体基于此,对道德事件进行解释或者被道德事件所颠覆,进而发挥对道德创伤的预防作用。

Moral injury is a kind of trauma symptom caused by the impact of external immoral events on the internal moral value system of individuals or groups.Its origin lies in the deviation between individual's internal moral schema and external moral situation.As a collection of moral consciousness units with value orientation in the regular activities of individuals in the moral environment,moral schema is composed of periphery and core.Moral schema realizes the domination of moral ego by supervising individual's speech and behavior,exercising moderate control over individuals based on moral practice,and examining individual behavior with self-guilt as the tool of judgment.Moral schema is selective about what happened and acts as a filter for trauma events.Based on this,individuals can interpret or be subverted by moral events,thus playing a preventive role in moral injury.