论动产与权利担保的登记对抗体系--以保理合同顺位规则切入

On the Registration Confrontation System Between Movable Property and Right Guarantee

保理合同系《中华人民共和国民法典》新增的有名合同,其核心要素为债权转让,同时《民法典》中关于保理合同的规定对债权转让的一般规则有一定的突破。《民法典》第七百六十八条对于多重保理创造性地规定以登记、通知的先后为标准判断优先顺位。鉴于保理合同的担保属性,在功能主义的担保观下,应当将保理纳入动产与权利担保体系之中,并对《民法典》第七百六十八条中有关登记、通知的规则做扩大解释,将登记、通知作为保理合同公示对抗的方式,即未经登记、通知不得对抗善意第三人,以此构建统一的动产与权利担保登记对抗体系,并明确保理合同中登记对不同类型第三人的对抗效力。

Factoring contract is a famous contract newly added to the civil code of the people's Republic of China.Its core element is the transfer of creditor's rights.At the same time,the provisions on Factoring contract in the civil code have made a certain breakthrough in the general rules of creditor's rights transfer.Article 768 of the civil code creatively stipulates that the priority of multiple factoring shall be judged according to the sequence of reg⁃istration and notification.In view of the guarantee attribute of factoring contract,under the guarantee view of function⁃alism,factoring should be incorporated into the chattel and right guarantee system,and the rules on registration and notice in article 768 of the civil code should be expanded.Registration and notice should be taken as the way of publicity confrontation of factoring contract,that is,without registration and notice,they should not confront bona fide third parties,so as to build a unified chattel and right guarantee registration confrontation system,and clarify the antagonistic effect of the registration in the factoring contract against different types of third parties.