吐鲁番绿洲聚落与耕地的空间关系分析

Analysis on Spatial Relationship Between Oasis Settlements and Cultivated Land in Turpan City

以吐鲁番市高昌区绿洲聚落与耕地为研究对象,以2000年、2010年和2018年土地利用数据为基础数据,利用地理信息系统(GIS)空间分析技术,对研究区聚落的空间特征进行分析,并对聚落与耕地的空间关系进行探讨.结果表明:对于乡村聚落的规模,2000-2018年吐鲁番市高昌区聚落斑块数量和斑块密度虽然减少,但斑块面积呈增大趋势,聚落空间规模明显扩大;对于乡村聚落的聚集特征,2000年乡村聚落的平均最邻近指数较低,而2010年、2018年乡村聚落的平均最邻近指数逐渐增加,说明2000年聚落的聚集性较高,而2010年、2018年聚落的聚集性逐渐减弱;对于聚落与耕地的空间关系特征,研究区主要以耕地偏多型为主,2000-2018年聚落-耕地均衡型逐步降低,人地协调性受到影响;对于动态变化型的聚落与耕地的空间转移关系,2000-2010年聚落转化为耕地的面积较大,而2010-2018年耕地转化为聚落的面积较大.

Taking oasis settlements and cultivated lands in Gaochang District of Turpan City as research objects,the spatial characteristics of settlements of the study area were analyzed by using geographic information system(GIS)spatial analysis technology,and the spatial relationship between settlements and cultivated lands was discussed using the land use data of 2000,2010 and 2018 as the basic data.The results show that for the scale of rural settlements,although the number and density of settlement patches in Gaochang District of Turpan City decrease from 2000 to 2018,the patch area shows an increasing trend and the spatial scale of settlements is significantly expanded.For the aggregation characteristics of rural settlements,the average nearest neighbor index of rural settlements is low in 2000 while gradually increases in 2010 and 2018,indicating that the aggregation of settlements is higher in 2000 while gradually weakens in 2010 and 2018.For the spatial relationship between settlements and cultivated lands,the study area is mainly dominated by more cultivated land type.From 2000 to 2018,the settlement-cultivated land balance type gradually decreases and the coordination between human and land is affected.For the spatial transfer relationship of settlements and cultivated lands of dynamic change type,the area of settlement transformed into cultivated land is larger from 2000 to 2010,while the area of cultivated land transformed into settlement is larger from 2010 to 2018.