刺五加群落多样性海拔梯度变化及相似性

Elevational Changes in Community Diversity and Similarity Analysis of a Acanthopanax senticosus Community

为使刺五加资源得到合理保护与开发利用,以黑龙江省小兴安岭典型刺五加群落为研究对象,探究刺五加群落物种多样性与海拔梯度之间的变化关系,并分析海拔因素对群落物种多样性的影响。结果表明,①随着海拔升高,刺五加群落中乔木、灌木种类和数量呈先增高后降低趋势,草本种类和数量大致呈降低趋势;乔木层α多样性各指数沿海拔梯度基本没有变化;灌木层α多样性各指数沿海拔梯度呈先升高后降低趋势;草本层α多样性各指数沿海拔梯度呈降低趋势;群落α多样性各指数与海拔均呈负相关,与丰富度指数在0.05显著性水平上负相关;物种丰富度贡献率最大;②Cody指数β_(c)随着海拔升高先降低后升高,最低点出现在中海拔地区(447~469 m);Sorenson指数C_(s)随着海拔升高先升高后降低,最高峰仍出现在中海拔地区(447~469 m);③海拔梯度相差越大,群落相似性越低;不同海拔刺五加群落之间呈现不相似水平。在小兴安岭研究范围内,不同海拔梯度刺五加群落中物种α多样性、Cody指数和Sorenson指数均有一定的变化规律,说明海拔梯度是影响刺五加群落生物多样性的重要因子之一。

In order to protect and utilize the Acanthopanax senticosus resources reasonably,taking the typical Acanthopanax senticosus community in Xiaoxing’an Mountains of Heilongjiang Province as the research object,the relationship between the species diversity of Acanthopanax senticosus community and the altitude gradient was explored,and the influence of altitude factors on the species diversity of the community was analyzed.Results showed that:①With the increasing of the altitude,the species and number of arbors and shrubs in Acanthopanax senticosus community increased first and then decreased,while the species and number of herbs generally decreased.Theαdiversity index of arbor layer had little change along the altitudinal gradient.Theαdiversity index of the shrub layer initially increased and then decreased with the increase of altitude gradient.Theαdiversity index of herb layer showed a downward trend.There was a negative correlation betweenαdiversity index and altitude,and a negative correlation betweenαdiversity index and richness index at 0.05 level.Species richness contributed the most.②Cody index β_(c) firstly decreased and then increased with the altitude,and the lowest point was in the middle altitude area(447—469 m).Sorenson index C_(s) showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of altitude,and the highest peak value still appeared in the middle altitude area(447—469 m).③The greater the difference of altitude gradient,the lower the community similarity.There were dissimilar levels among Acanthopanax senticosus communities at different altitudes.Within the study scope of Xiaoxing’an Mountains,species in Acanthopanax senticosus communities with different altitude gradientsαdiversity,Cody index and Sorenson index all had certain variation rules,which indicated that altitude gradient was one of the important factors affecting the biodiversity of Acanthopanax senticosus community.