咸同年间军功家族转型探究——以李鸿章家族为例

Analysis on Transformation of Military Families in the Reigns of Emperor Xianfeng and Tongzhi:A Case Study of Li Hongzhang’s Family

咸同军兴,出现了一批以军功崛起的家族。李鸿章家族由传统科举家族转型为军功家族并崛起,成为这一时期军功家族转型的典范。咸同年间,太平军、捻军起义爆发使清政府陷入内忧外患的困境,在战乱背景下,李鸿章家族成员多弃笔投戎,他们或办理团练,或加入湘、淮军从军征战,或总理粮台、营务等事宜,或兼任多项军务。族人因从事军务不同,最终的发展走向亦有所差别。族人的发展使家族转型为军功家族并崛起,不仅有利于家族长远发展,还为地方建设做出了突出的贡献。

During the period of Qing Dynasty Xianfeng and Tongzhi(1850—1875),a number of military families arose.Li Hongzhang’s family successfully transformed from a traditional family dedicated to the Imperial Examinations to a military family,which is a typical example of the family transition in the period of Qing Dynasty Xianfeng and Tongzhi(1850—1875).During this period,the country suffered from domestic turmoil and foreign aggression,and the military developed rapidly.Most of the members of the Li family co-mmitted themselves to the army.They organized special regiments to guard local areas,or moved to various places to make military merits.Besides,according to the needs of domestic situation,the Li family members were also engaged in various affairs such as Lijin(a kind of business tax),Liangtai(an institution that regulated military rations),and camp affairs.Clansmen have different development trends due to their di-fferent military affairs.The successful transformation of the Li family had not only contributed to the development of the whole family,but also made outstanding contributions to local construction.