海洋生态产品价值内涵解析及其实现途径研究

Research on Connotation and Realization Path of the Value of Marine Ecological Products

生态产品表述自然生态供给与民生福祉需求的关系,反映了人与自然、生态价值与民生改善联动的生态民生思想,是当代中国生态问题民生化的重大创新。秉承生态民生观的价值取向,海洋生态产品是海洋生态系统在自然力和人类劳动共同作用下向人类提供的所有物质产品和生态服务产品。海洋生态产品价值具有保值增值性、可转换性、代际性和互斥性特征。价值实现途径设计本质在于选择政策管理手段和实施定价机制,激励经济主体和地方政府提升海洋生态产品持续供给能力和水平。海洋生态产品价值实现是使海洋生态系统为人类提供的产品和服务的生态功能以经济利益形式得到显现,价值实现途径包括政府主导、市场激励、政府与市场协同作用三类。为解决海洋生态产品价值实现中存在的“核算难”“交易难”和“变现难”,建议从构建自然资源资产产权制度体系、制定统一规范的市场交易政策、构建提供生态产品的激励措施、健全绿色金融支撑和法律保障体系等方面建立加快海洋生态产品价值实现的保障措施。

The concept of ecological products expresses the relationship between supply of ecology and need of people’s well-being, reflecting the ecological thought of the human with nature, ecological value with the improvement of people’s livelihood. It is a major innovation of the livelihood-oriented solutions to ecological problems in contemporary China. Adhering to the value orientation of the concept of the ecological people’s livelihood, marine ecological products refer to the material products and ecological service products provided by the ocean to mankind under the joint contributions from natural forces and human labour. The value of marine ecological products has the characteristics of value preservation and appreciation, convertibility, intergenerational and mutual exclusion. The essence of path design of value realization is to select the means of policy management and implement a mechanism of pricing to encourage economic stakeholders and local governments to improve the sustainable supply capacity and quality of marine ecological products. The value realization of marine ecological products is to make the ecological functions of products and services provided by marine ecosystem manifest in the form of economic benefits. The paths to realize the value of marine ecological products include governmental leadership, market incentive and the synergy between government and market. In order to address the practical constraints of “accounting difficulty”, “transaction difficulty” and “monetization difficulty” in the value realization of marine ecological products in China, it is suggested to ensure the value realization of marine ecological products via the four measures, namely,setting up the system of property rights of natural resource assets, formulating unified and standardized market transaction policies, making measures for having incentives to offer ecological products and improving the financial support and legal system for green products.