语言政策与规划视角下城市洋化地名的治理

Regulating Foreign-sounding Place Names in China:From the Perspective of Language Planning and Policy

清理整顿“不规范地名”是我国近年来城市语言生活中的一个热点事件,是努力推进城市语言文明建设和建立文化自信的重要举措。其中,洋化地名是治理行动中的重点对象。本文以语言政策和规划下的多层次主体为理论基础,对洋化地名整治行动相关的实践、政策和态度等因素进行分析,揭示城市语言文字治理过程中的复杂性。我们认为,洋化地名在城市语言景观中盛行,是一定的社会历史条件下人们消费文化心理的反映。治理洋地名行动与语言声望规划相关,目的是建立自我文化的自信和认同。政策维度的规划与培育维度的规划需要协同发挥作用,平衡工具理性和价值理性,并将民众纳入语言规划的主体,才有望取得圆满成功。

The rectification offoreign-sounding place names recently became a national-wide social event in China.This article took government(policymakers)as a macro level of language policy and planning and took the mainstream news media,the local government,real estate developers and other relevant stakeholders as the medium layer and took the general public as the microcosmic layer,expounding the interaction between macroscopic-meso-micro,and analyzes it on the basis of multi-level and multi-subject language policy and planning.The rectification of such“unregulated”place names is essentially a prestige planning aiming at promoting confidence to self-culture via top-town elimination of western cultural elements.However,the campaign was not so successful in the sense that many agendas could not be implemented as planned.The reasons include,among others,the isolation between policy planning and cultivation planning,over-reliance on value rationality in the implementation,and the absence of dialogue in the policy making process.We argue that in the currents,language planning and policy by means of sheer authority of the government is hard to achieve expected goals,and its success largely hinges on the combination of policy and cultivation planning,coordination of instrumental and value rationality as well as the inclusion of individuals as planning agents/actors.