两种扇贝杂交和自交子一代生长性状的比较

Comparison of Growth Traits between Hybridized Combinations and Self-Fertilize Combinations of Two Species of Scallop

以虾夷扇贝和栉孔扇贝为材料,建立4个试验组合:虾夷扇贝♀×栉孔扇贝♂(正交组合)、栉孔扇贝♀×虾夷扇贝♂(反交组合)、虾夷扇贝♀×虾夷扇贝♂(虾夷扇贝自交组合)、栉孔扇贝♀×栉孔扇贝♂(栉孔扇贝自交组合),分析各试验组合受精率、孵化率、幼虫生长及存活、附着变态率、海区保苗率以及养成阶段生长与存活等性状。试验结果显示:4个组合的受精率、孵化率分别在97%、89%以上,组合间差异不显著(P>0.05);幼虫期,反交组合的日平均增长量、眼点幼虫规格较栉孔扇贝自交组合分别提高9.03%、3.74%,正交组合的日平均增长量、眼点幼虫规格较虾夷扇贝自交组合分别提高5.02%、4.32%,组合间的幼虫存活率无显著差异(P>0.05);4个组合的附着变态率差异不显著(P>0.05),正交组合的海区保苗率较虾夷扇贝自交组合提高5.13个百分点;在养成期,反交组合的生长速度、月增长量较栉孔扇贝自交组合分别提高7.41%、7.45%,正交组合的生长速度、月增长量较虾夷扇贝自交组合分别提高17.37%、17.36%,反交、正交组合的存活率较栉孔扇贝自交、虾夷扇贝自交组合分别提高5.85、18.41个百分点。综合比较,杂交组合较自交组合在生长和存活方面均具有一定的杂种优势,且正交组合具有显著的杂种优势,适于大规模产业化推广。

Four experimental combinations were set up with Yesso scallop Patinopecten yessoensis and Farrer′s scallop Chlamys farreri as materials:P.yessoensis♀×C.farreri♂(PC),C.farreri♀×P.yessoensis♂(CP),P.yessoensis♀×P.yessoensis♂(PP)and C.farreri♀×C.farreri♂(CC).The fertilization rate,hatching rate,growth and survival rate,attachment metamorphosis rate and seedling survival rate were analyzed.The results showed that the fertilization rate and hatching rate of the four combinations were above 97%and 89%,without significant difference among the four combinations.The average daily growth and eye-spot larva size of CP combination were 9.03%and 3.74%higher than that of CC combination,while that of PC combination was 5.02%and 4.32%higher than that of PP combination,respectively.There was no significant difference in the survival rate of larvae among the four combinations;there was no significant difference in the attachment metamorphosis rate among the four combinations,but the seedling survival rate of PC combination in sea was 5.13 percentage points higher than that of PP combination.The growth rate and monthly increment of CP combination were 7.41%and 7.45%higher than those of CC,respectively;the growth rate and monthly increment of PC combination were 17.37%and 17.36%higher than those of PP,respectively.The survival rates of CP and PC were 5.85 and 18.41 percentage points higher than those of CC and PP,respectively.Comprehensive comparison showed that the hybrid combination had certain heterosis in growth and survival compared with self-cross combination,and PC combination had obvious heterosis,was suitable for large-scale industrialization.