美国人工智能战略布局与对外策略

Artificial Intelligence Strategy Layout and Foreign Strategies of the United States

美国政府举国家之力发展人工智能技术以保持在世界的领先地位,对此,通过文献梳理的方法,从美国自身发展及其对外政策的视角系统分析美国人工智能战略部署和相关举措。分析发现,美国在人工智能领域的战略部署分为积累和升级两个阶段,均以制定发布政策文件和成立相关机构进行部署,已上升为国家战略并演变为世界领导权的竞争,基本实现人工智能创新价值链各环节全覆盖,各部门积极深耕细作,并日益重视在国防领域的应用;其对华策略主要采取成立专门机构、全面封锁、出口管制、限制人才流动等措施。为此,建议中国从组织管理职能、人才、立法、舆论等方面采取应对策略,增强自身实力、主动赢取先机。

The U.S.government takes national efforts to develop artificial intelligence technology to maintain its leading position in the world.In this regard,through the method of literature review,the U.S.artificial intelligence strategic deployment and related measures are systematically analyzed from the perspective of U.S.own development and its foreign policy.The analysis shows that the U.S.strategic deployment in the field of artificial intelligence can be divided into two stages:accumulation and upgrading,both of which are deployed by formulating and releasing policy documents and establishing relevant institutions,has risen to a national strategy and evolved into a competition for world leadership,and has basically achieved full coverage of all links in the value chain of artificial intelligence innovation,all departments are actively engaged in intensive work,and increasingly pay attention to its application in the field of national defense;in terms of its strategy towards China,it mainly adopts such measures as the establishment of specialized agencies,comprehensive blockade,export control and restriction of talent flow.To this end,this paper suggests that China should adopt countermeasures from the aspects of organizational management functions,talents,legislation,public opinion,etc.,so as to enhance its own strength and take the initiative to win the first opportunity.