博士后工作满意度及其影响因素的实证分析:基于《自然》全球博士后的调查数据

Empirical Analysis of Postdoctoral Job Satisfaction and Its Influencing Factors:Based on Data from Nature’s Global Postdoctoral Survey

中国博士后群体在规模不断扩大的同时,亦面临着生存境遇、学术发展与自主独立等现实挑战,但学界缺乏从内部与系统角度研究其工作满意度及影响因素。为推动相关制度改革、提升博士后群体工作满意度,基于2020年《自然》的全球博士后调查数据,在满意度指数模型的理论框架下采用结构方程模型分析发现,全球样本博士后工作满意度指数得分为63.16分,处于基本满意阶段。其中,组织保障、合作导师支持和工作期望能显著正向预测博士后工作满意度,且合作导师支持的总体效应较高;工作期望不仅可以直接预测博士后工作满意度,还通过组织保障与合作导师支持两个中介变量对博士后满意度产生间接影响,而组织保障通过影响合作导师支持发挥链式中介效应;不同性别、流动方式与工作年限的博士后具有差异化的工作满意感知。由此,中国相关博士后政策制度应明确其职业地位,提升组织保障水平,加大合作导师支持力度并关注不同博士后的现实需求。

While expanding,the post-doctoral group in China is faced with practical challenges such as living situation,academic development and independence,but the academic circle lacks internal and systematic studies on job satisfaction and influencing factors.In order to promote relevant institutional reform and improve the job satisfaction of post-doctoral groups,based on the data of global post-doctoral survey conducted by Nature in 2020,under the theoretical framework of satisfaction index model,and with the analysis of structural equation model,this paper finds that the global postdoctoral job satisfaction index score is 63.16,which is in the basic satisfaction stage.Among them,organizational safeguards,cooperative mentor support and job expectations can significantly and positively predict postdoctoral job satisfaction,and the overall effect of cooperative mentor support is higher;job expectations can not only directly predict postdoctoral job satisfaction,but also indirectly affect satisfaction through two mediating variables of organizational safeguards and cooperative mentor support;organizational safeguards exert a chain mediating effect by influencing cooperative mentor support;postdoctoral researchers with different genders,mobility patterns and working years have different perceptions of job satisfaction.Therefore,the paper suggests that relevant policies and institutions for post-docs in China should clarify the professional status of post-docs,enhance the level of organizational support,strengthen the support of cooperative supervisors,and pay attention to the actual needs of different post-docs.