作为一种生态政治构想的多物种正义

Multispecies Justice as an Ecological Political Conception

2015年以后,一些颇具后人类主义转向和反对人类中心论意蕴的生态正义研究,比如多物种正义研究,开始浮现于崭新的生态民主构想中。多物种正义的主要理论来源是生态民主理念的迭代深化与关系性本体论。作为一种生态政治构想的多物种正义,对环境政治研究的一些经验和理论议题提出了挑战,并认为人类需要以与其自身截然不同的生命投射、能力、现象学、存在方式、功能、完整形式和关系来理解非人类物种/生命。多物种正义的日常行为诉求,是要唤起对非人类物种/生命的体认,并投身非人世界的交流。作为一种较有新意的生态政治构想,多物种正义变革复杂现实的微弱潜能主要体现在对一种包容性政治图景,即“万物议会”构型的设计上。然而,在人类世时代,资本主义国家政府间合作仍然占据政治性应对生态危机的中心舞台,多物种正义真正的价值可能仅仅在于通过构想来完善传统治理框架。

The ecological justice studies such as multispecies justice studies which is against anthropocentrism with a post-humanist turn has begun to emerge in the new conception of ecological democracy since 2015.The main theoretical sources of multispecies justice are the iterative deepening of the idea of ecological democracy and relational ontology.Multispecies justice conceived as an ecological justice challenges some empirical and theoretical issues in environmental politics research and maintains that human beings need to understand other species/beings from perspectives such as life projection,capabilities,phenomenology,ways of being,functions,holistic forms and relations,etc.,which are distinct from their own.The daily behavioral appeal of the concept of multi-species justice is to evoke the recognition of other species/beings,and to engage in the communication of the non-human world.As a relatively new ecological political concept,the weak potential of multi-species justice to transform the complicated reality is mainly reflected in the design of an inclusive political prospect,that is,the configuration of“Parliament of Everything”.However,in the anthropocene era,when cooperation between governments in capitalist countries is still dominant in the political response to ecological crises,the real value of multispecies justice may simply lie in shaking the traditional governance frameworks by making the impossible conceivable.