宪法审查正当性论证的逻辑

The Logic of Justification of Judicial Review

为使宪法审查正当化,学术界提出多种论证逻辑。这些既有论证需要进行批判性分析。正当性论证的所有理论都必须协调两个命题:法院须参与法律的最终制定,同时也要执行体现人民政治意志的基本原则。一方面,法院必须捍卫宪法作为实在法的至上性;另一方面,他们却不应该阻碍民主。任何既有的论证理由都缺乏充分的说服力,要么是因为它们难以与民主相协调,要么是因为它们把主权分为两部分,并在两部分之间附加了等级。

The various logics that have been proposed so far to justify judicial review should be under critical analysis.All theories of justification must reconcile two propositions:that courts partake in the final formulation of legislation and that they nonetheless implement the fundamental principles embodied in the political will of the people.On the one hand,courts must safeguard the supremacy of the constitution as positive law;on the other,they must not inhibit democracy.None of the existing justifications is fully convincing,either because they are too difficult to reconcile with democracy or because they divide the sovereign into two and superimpose a hierarchy on the resulting halves.