社区老年人体力活动不足现状及其影响因素分析

Analysis on status and influencing factors of physical inactivity among the elderly in community

目的了解社区老年人体力活动不足现状并分析其影响因素,为进一步制定提高该人群体力活动水平的干预方案提供参考依据。方法选取2019年1月—2021年3月在蚌埠市某社区进行健康体征检测的652名老年人作为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、国际体力活动问卷(长卷),测量健康体征相关指标,由经过统一培训的研究生进行健康相关指标的检测和问卷的填写与收集。采用SPSS 26.0统计学软件对数据进行描述性统计、χ^(2)检验、Wilcoxon秩和检验、二分类logistic回归分析。结果社区老年人群中体力活动不足者占35.7%(233名),体力活动总量为(418.04±139.74)METs-min/周。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:年龄(P<0.001)、性别(P=0.017)、文化程度(P<0.001)、BMI(P=0.015)、慢性病共病(P=0.012)、骨密度(P=0.010)、动脉硬化(P=0.012)、吸烟(P=0.013)是社区老年人体力活动不足的主要影响因素。结论社区医护人员应加强对高龄、男性、文化水平低、超重、慢性病共病、骨密度异常、有动脉硬化以及吸烟的老年人群进行运动促进健康的健康教育与指导,减少社区老年人体力活动不足的发生,培养其规律的体力活动习惯,从而改善老年人的生活质量。

Objective To investigate the current status of physical inactivity of the elderly in community,analyze its influencing factors,and provide reference for the further intervention strategy to improve the level of physical activity of elderly population.Methods Total 652 elderly people from a community health in Bengbu signs detection from January 2019 to March 2021 were collected as the research objects.The general information questionnaire,international physical activity questionnaire(long)and related indicators measuring health signs were performed by a unified training of graduate students of health indicators testing.The SPSS 26.0 statistical software was used for descriptive statistics,χ^(2) test,Wilcoxon rank sum test and binary Logistic regression analysis.Results Results showed that 35.7% of the elderly people in the community(233)were physically inactive,and the total amount of physical activity was(418.04±139.74)METs-min/week.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that factors including age(P<0.001),gender(P=0.017),education level(P<0.001),BMI(P=0.015),chronic diseases comorbidities(P=0.012),bone mineral density(P=0.010),arteriosclerosis(P=0.012)and smoking(P=0.013)mainly influenced the physical inactivity of the elderly in the community.Conclusion Community workers for health management should strengthen related health education and guidance for the elderly especially the male elderly with low cultural level,overweight,chronic diseases comorbidities,abnormal bone mineral density,a hardening of the arteries,and smoking habit,which contributes to cultivate their regular physical activity habits and improve the quality of life of the elderly.