矮壮素和多效唑对观赏向日葵的矮化效应

Dwarfing Effects of Chlormequat Chloride and Paclobutrazol on Ornamental Sunflower

【目的】探明不同植物生长延缓剂对观赏向日葵的矮化作用,为观赏向日葵矮化栽培提供依据。【方法】以盆栽泰迪熊向日葵为试验材料,使用不同浓度矮壮素(500 mg/L、1000 mg/L、2000 mg/L)和多效唑(150 mg/L、300 mg/L、600 mg/L)进行叶面喷施,观察喷施不同浓度矮壮素和多效唑后观赏向日葵植株性状、花盘性状及叶片性状的变化。【结果】与CK(喷施清水)相比,各处理向日葵的株高、冠幅和茎粗均有不同程度降低,茎干比和花盘直径提高,600 mg/L多效唑处理株高降低37.8%,2000 mg/L矮壮素处理冠幅减小24.8%,300 mg/L多效唑处理茎干比增加44.8%,500 mg/L多效唑处理花盘直径增加23.3%。【结论】观赏向日葵施用矮壮素和多效唑后其株高和冠幅减小,花盘直径和叶片厚度增大,两者均可对观赏向日葵产生矮化作用,其中以300 mg/L多效唑处理的矮化效果最佳,其花盘直径较大,侧花数量适中,茎干比大,株型紧凑美观。

【Objective】The dwarfing effect of different plant growth inhibitors on ornamental sunflowers is explored,which provides basis for the dwarfing cultivation of ornamental sunflower.【Method】Taking the sunflower variety“Teddy Bear”as testing material,by foliar spraying with different concentration of chlormequat chloride(500 mg/L,1000 mg/L and 2000 mg/L)and paclobutrazol(150 mg/L,300 mg/L and 600 mg/L),the variations of plant properties,flower disk and leaf traits under the treatment of different concentration of chlormequat chloride and paclobutrazol are observed.【Result】Compared with CK(spraying clean water),the plant height,crown width and stem diameter are all reduced in various degree under different treatments while the ratio of stem diameter to plant height and flower disk diameter are increased.600 mg/L paclobutrazol decrease the plant height by 37.8%,2000 mg/L chlormequat chloride decrease the crown width by 24.8%,300 mg/L paclobutrazol increase the ratio of stem diameter to plant height by 44.8%,and 500 mg/L paclobutrazol increase the flower disk diameter by 23.3%.【Conclusion】Applying chlormequat chloride and paclobutrazol on ornamental sunflowers would reduce the plant height and flower width,increase the flower disk diameter and leaf thickness.Chlormequat chloride and paclobutrazol both have dwarfing effect on ornamental sunflowers,among which 300 mg/L paclobutrazol has the best dwarfing effect.With 300 mg/L paclobutrazol,the flower disk diameter is relatively bigger,the number of lateral flower is moderate,the ratio of stem diameter to plant height is big and the plant appearance is compact and beautiful.