中国侦查预审制度之合理建构

The Rational Construction of China’s Investigation Pre-trial System

侦查预审从源头上保障案件质量,防止“起点错”问题的发生。作为内部监督机制,侦查预审符合权力制衡理论,可以激活认罪认罚从宽制度在侦查阶段的适用,实现案件繁简分流。为此,构建体系化的侦查预审制度应选择“大刑侦”预审模式,保障其相对独立性;完善侦查预审的案件范围,明确“书面+适度对抗”的审查方式,探索建立侦查、预审同步进行模式;赋予预审人员实质办案权,构建与主办侦查员制度相配套的主办预审员责任制。

The investigation pre-trial system guarantees the quality of cases from the source and prevents the occurrence of the problem of “wrong starting point”.As an internal supervision mechanism,it conforms to the theory of checks and balances of power,and can activate the application of the leniency system for admitting guilt and accepting punishment in the investigation stage,and realizes the separation of complex and simple cases.Therefore,to build a systematic investigation pre-trial system,the “big criminal investigation”pre-trial mode should be selected to ensure its relative independence.The scope of cases for pre-investigation should be improved,and the review method of“writing+moderate confrontation”should be clarified.It is also necessary to explore the establishment of a synchronous mode of investigation and pretrial.To give the pre-trial personnel the substantive right to handle the case,and build a responsibility system for the pre-trial examiner that is matched with the system of the lead investigator.