殖民主义与现代化--德法殖民影响下近现代雅温得城市发展回顾(1888-1959)

COLONIALISM AND MODERNIZATION:REVIEW ON THE URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN YAOUNDE UNDER GERMAN AND FRENCH COLONIZATION(1888-1959)

基于历史档案资料,回顾1888-1959年德法两段殖民时期雅温得城市发展历程,以了解非洲殖民时期的城市发展特点,探析殖民主义对非洲城市发展的影响,追溯非洲城市问题的历史根源。在德国殖民时期,现代交通体系的形成、市镇经济的兴起、社会公共事业的发展促进雅温得由原始村落向现代城镇转变;在法国殖民时期,城市规模扩张,城市功能多元化发展,雅温得渐渐向交通枢纽和现代工商业城市转型,但城市空间分化隔离渐显。比较德法殖民时期雅温得城市发展,发现殖民时期的城市发展服务于殖民主义并受宗主国殖民政策的影响,德法殖民政策的差异使得雅温得两段时期的城市发展呈现不同特征,殖民主义催生的城市问题也是雅温得当前城市问题的历史根源。

This paper reviews the urban development process of Yaoundé in the German and French colonial periods from 1888 to 1959 on the basis of historical archives,hoping to understand the characteristics of African cities’ development in the colonial periods,explore the impact of colonialism on the urban development of Africa,and trace the historical roots of problems existing in African cities currently.During the German colonial period,the formation of a modern transportation system,growth of the town economy,and development of public utilities contributed to the transformation of Yaoundé from a jungle settlement to a modern town.In the French colonial period,the spatial scale of Yaoundé was expanded,its urban functions became diversified,and it was gradually transformed into a transportation hub and modern industrial and commercial city,with the spatial differentiation and separation becoming increasingly remarkable.By comparing the urban development of Yaoundé in the colonial periods of Germany and France,the paper argues that the urban development of Yaoundé in the colonial periods served for the colonialism and was influenced by the colonial policy.The differences in colonial policies between Germany and France led to the different urbanization characteristics of Yaoundé in the two periods,and the urban problems caused by colonialism were also the historical origin of Yaoundé’s current urban problems.