教育福利视角下英国学前教育立法经验分析

An Analysis of UK Preschool Education Legislation Experience from the Perspective of Educational Welfare

儿童不仅是家庭的希望,更是国家的财富。2020年9月7日,教育部发布了《中华人民共和国学前教育法草案(征求意见稿)》,诸多议题引发争议。为此,有必要进一步借鉴国际经验,关注教育福利视角下的学前教育立法进程,解决当前社会高度关注的儿童福祉、托幼分离等突出矛盾。英国的学前教育立法历史悠久,随着百余年间教育福利观的变化,英国学前立法从关注贫困儿童走向普及全民学前教育。站在“两个一百年”的历史交汇点,开展学前教育福利视角下的立法研究有促进儿童发展、提高国民素质的教育意义;也有助力三孩政策、产生良好社会效益的经济意义;更具有追求公平公正、实现共享发展的社会意义。

Children are not only the hope of a family, but also the wealth of a country. On September 7, 2020, the Ministry of Education released the draft of the Pre-school Education Law of the People’s Republic of China(for public comment), with many controversial issues. It is necessary to draw lessons from international experience, pay attention to the legislative process of preschool education from the perspective of educational welfare, and solve the prominent contradictions such as children’s wellbeing and the separation of childcare that are highly concerned by the current society. The UK has a long history of preschool education legislation. With the change of the concept of education welfare in more than 100 years, the UK’s preschool legislation has shifted from focusing on poor children to universal preschool education. Standing at the historical intersection of“two hundred years”, the legislative research from the perspective of preschool education welfare has the educational significance of promoting children’s development and improving national quality. It also has the economic significance of facilitating the three-child policy and producing good social benefits. It is of greater social significance in pursuing equity and justice and realizing shared development.