全生物降解地膜的降解特征及其对马铃薯产量的影响

Degradation Characteristics of Fully Biodegradable Mulch Films and Their Effect on Potato Yield

为了比较不同全生物降解地膜的降解特征及其对湖南省春马铃薯产量的影响,选用马铃薯品种费乌瑞它和市场上常见的4种全生物降解地膜,比较研究了全生物降解地膜对土壤温度、马铃薯农艺性状的影响以及全生物降解地膜的降解特征等。结果表明:覆膜后膜下10 cm处土层的土壤温度,4种全生物降解地膜与普通PE(黑,CK1)无明显差异;地膜覆盖处理均可缩短马铃薯的生育期,与不覆盖(CK2)相比可使成熟期提前5~10 d,且各地膜覆盖处理马铃薯的株高均显著高于CK2,但4种全生物降解地膜覆盖与CK1没有显著性差异;PBAT+PLA(黑)和PPC(黑)覆盖不仅马铃薯产量高,而且其商品薯率也较高;4种全生物降解地膜都有良好的降解特性,可缓解农田白色污染,有利于改善农田生态环境,但由于PPC(黑)和PBAT+PLA(黑)在覆膜后62 d才进入诱导期,其增温保墒性能更强,更有利于春马铃薯在早春低温天气的增温保墒。因此,用PBAT+PLA(黑)和PPC(黑)这2种全生物降解地膜替代PE(黑)地膜可在湖南春马铃薯生产上推广应用。

To compare the degradation characteristics of different fully biodegradable mulchfilms and their effects on yield of spring potato in Hunan,this paper has used a potato variety Favorita and four common fully biodegradablefilms on the market in the comparison experiment to study the degradation characteristics of fully biodegradablefilms and their effects on soil temperature and potato agronomic traits.The results showed that there was no obvious difference in soil temperature between four kinds of full biodegradable mulchfilms and ordinary PE(black,CK1)at 10cm depth under thefilm.Compared with no mulching(CK2),the mulching treatments could shorten the growth period of potato,and the maturity period was advanced by 5-10 d;the plant height of potato under each mulching treatment was significantly higher than that of CK2,but there was no significant difference between the four kinds of fully biodegradablefilm mulching treatments and CK1;the potato yield and commercial potato rate were high in the treatments of PBAT+PLA(black)and PPC(black).All four kinds of fully biodegradable mulchfilms have good degradation characteristics,which can alleviate the white pollution of farmland and help improve the farmland ecological environment.However,PPC(black)and PBAT+PLA(black)do not enter the induction period until 62 days afterfilm mulching,and their warming and moisture conservation performance is stronger,more conducive to the warming and moisture conservation of spring potato in the low-temperature weather in early spring.Therefore,PBAT+PLA(black)and PPC(black),these two kinds of fully biodegradable mulchfilms could widely replace PE(black)mulchfilm in Hunan spring potato production.