楚雄州不同海拔高度植烟土壤养分特征分析

Analysis of Soil Nutrient Characteristics at Different Altitudes in Chuxiong

2015—2018年在楚雄州7个县市采集250个植烟土壤样品,将样品所在地的海拔分为<1600 m(Ⅰ区,较低-低海拔)、1600~1800 m(Ⅱ区,中海拔)、1800~2000 m(Ⅲ区,高海拔)、>2000 m(Ⅳ区,较高海拔)4个区域,分析不同海拔植烟土壤的养分分布情况,以期为楚雄州不同海拔烟区的烤烟种植肥料管理提供参考。结果表明:楚雄州不同海拔植烟土壤各养分指标处于中等-很丰富水平的占比达70%以上,除了较高海拔区域,其他海拔区土壤水解性氮、速效钾、速效磷含量超过中等水平占比80%以上,且楚雄烟区植烟土壤养分存在共性问题,应重点关注土壤p H值变化,并根据土壤养分具体情况,合理施用氮磷钾肥,提高楚雄烟区肥料利用率,实现减肥增效。

250 soil samples were gathered from 7 counties of Chuxiong prefecture during 2015-2018.According to altitudes where the samples were located,it was classified into four regions including I region(<1600 m,low-lower altitude),II region(1600-1800 m,middle altitude),III region(1800-2000 m,high altitude)and IV region(>2000 m,higher altitude).Nutrient distribution of different altitudes was analyzed to provide reference for fertilizer management of tobacco planting at different altitudes in Chuxiong.The results showed that more than 70%of the tobacco-planting soil samples reached medium to rich levels in nutrient indexes.Except for the higher altitude region,more than 80%of the soil samples were above medium levels in available phosphorus(AP),hydrolyzable nitrogen(AN)and available potassium(AK)contents in the other areas.And soil nutrient status of Chuxiong tobacco-planting area existed common features at different altitudes.It should pay more attention to the change of pH values,and apply N,P and K fertilizers rationally according to soil nutrient status to improve fertilizer utilization rate in Chuxiong tobacco-planting area,and realize fertilizer-reducing and efficiency-increasing.