两种复方中草药添加剂对育肥猪生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响

Effects of two compound Chinese herbal medicine additives on performance,meat quality and flavor of finishing pigs

为了探究两种复方中草药添加剂对育肥猪生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响,试验将30头体重32 kg左右、健康状态良好的3月龄“杜×长×大”三元杂交猪随机分为3组(对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组),每组10头,公母各半,其中对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组分别饲喂基础日粮+0.2%中草药组方Ⅰ和基础日粮+0.1%中草药组方Ⅱ(两种中草药组方添加比例均为应用推荐比例),预试期14 d,正试期90 d,测定各组的生长性能相关指标(初始体重、期末体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比)、屠宰性能相关指标(胴体重、屠宰率、背膘厚度、瘦肉率)及肉品质相关指标(剪切力、滴水损失率、烹煮损失率、肌肉中16种脂肪酸含量)。结果表明:各组间初始体重差异不显著(P>0.05);与对照组比较,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的期末体重分别提高了6.44%(P<0.05)和5.66%(P<0.05),平均日增重分别提高了8.65%(P>0.05)和5.77%(P>0.05),平均日采食量分别降低了9.89%(P>0.05)和5.86%(P>0.05),料重比分别降低了17.11%(P<0.05)和11.41%(P<0.05),胴体重分别提高了5.46%(P<0.05)和4.31%(P<0.05),屠宰率分别提高了1.22%(P>0.05)和1.45%(P>0.05),背膘厚分别降低了20.42%(P<0.01)和8.79%(P>0.05),瘦肉率分别提高了5.44%(P>0.05)和5.97%(P>0.05),剪切力分别降低了0.47%(P>0.05)和17.06%(P<0.05),滴水损失率分别降低了16.99%(P<0.05)和10.92%(P>0.05),烹煮损失率分别降低了11.84%(P>0.05)和20.79%(P<0.05);与对照组比较,试验Ⅰ组肌肉中葵酸、月桂酸、亚麻酸含量显著降低(P<0.05),十七烯酸、油酸、顺-11-二十烯酸含量显著提高(P<0.05),其他脂肪酸含量无显著变化(P>0.05);试验Ⅱ组的葵酸、亚麻酸含量显著降低(P<0.05),棕榈酸、十七烯酸和油酸含量显著提高(P<0.05),其他脂肪酸含量无显著变化(P>0.05)。试验Ⅱ组肌肉中饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。与试验Ⅰ组比较,试验Ⅱ组的料重比提高了6.88%(P<0.05),剪切力降低了16.67%(P<0.05),饱和脂肪酸含量显著升高(P<0.05),多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著降低(P<0.05)。说明在饲料中添加中草药组方Ⅰ和Ⅱ均能在一定程度上提高育肥猪的生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质,其中中草药组方Ⅰ在提高育肥猪生长性能方面的效果更好,中草药组方Ⅱ在提高育肥猪肌肉品质方面的效果更好。

To explore the effects of two compound Chinese herbal medicine additives on growth performance,slaughter performance and meat quality of pigs,30 three-month-old“Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire”crossbred pigs with an average body weight of 32 kg were randomly divid⁃ed into 3 groups with 10 pigs in each group(half male and half female),which were control group,experimental groupⅠand experimental groupⅡ.Animals in the control group were fed a basal diet only.The animals in the experimental groupⅠand experimental groupⅡwere fed the trial diet supplemented with 0.2%and 0.1%Chinese herbal medicine prescription(the addition ratios of the two Chinese herbal medicines were the recommended ratios for application),respectively.The pretrial period lasted for 14 days,and the trial period lasted for 90 days.The growth performance related indicators(initial weight,final weight,average daily gain,average daily feed intake,feed to gain ratio),slaughte⁃ring performance related index(carass weight,slaughter percentage,backfat thickness and lean meat percentage)and meat quality related in⁃dexes(shear force,drip loss rate,cooking loss rate and 16 kinds of fatty acids content in muscle)were measured.The results showed as follows:there was no significant difference in initial weight among all groups(P>0.05);compared with the control group,the final weight in the experi⁃mental groupⅠand experimental groupⅡincreased by 6.44%(P<0.05)and 5.66%(P<0.05);and the average daily gain increased by 8.65%(P>0.05)and 5.77%(P>0.05),respectively.Average daily feed intake was decreased by 9.89%(P>0.05)and 5.86%(P>0.05);feed to gain ratio was decreased by 17.11%(P<0.05)and 11.41%(P<0.05);carcass weight was increased by 5.46%(P<0.05)and 4.31%(P<0.05),respectively.Slaughter percentage was increased by 1.22%(P>0.05)and 1.45%(P>0.05);backfat thickness was decreased by 20.42%(P<0.01)and 8.79%(P>0.05);lean meat percentage was increased by 5.44%(P>0.05)and 5.97%(P>0.05);respectively.Shear force was decreased by 0.47%(P>0.05)and 17.06%(P<0.05);drip loss rate was decreased by 16.99%(P<0.05)and 10.92%(P>0.05);cooking loss rate was decreased by 11.84%(P>0.05)and 20.79%(P<0.05),respectively.Compared with the control group,the contents of kwai acid,lauric acid and linolenic acid in the muscle decreased significantly(P<0.05)in the experimental groupⅠ,while the contents of heptadecenoic acid,oleic acid,and cis-11-eicosenoic acid content increased significantly(P<0.05),and the contents of other fatty acids had no significant change(P>0.05).The contents of kwai acid and linolenic acid decreased significantly(P<0.05)in the experiment groupⅡ,while the contents of palmitic acid,heptadecenoic acid and oleic acid were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the contents of other fatty acids had no significant changes(P>0.05).The content of saturated fatty acids in the muscle of the ex⁃periment groupⅡwas significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05),but the contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids and was signifi⁃cantly lower than that of control group(P<0.05).Compared with the experimental group I,the feed to gain ratio in the experimental groupⅡincreased by 6.88%(P<0.05),the shear force decreased by 16.67%(P<0.05).The content of saturated fatty acid increased significantly(P<0.05)and the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased significantly(P<0.05).These results indicated that adding Chinese herbal medicine formulaⅠandⅡin the diet could improve the growth performance,slaughter performance and meat quality of finishing pigs to a cer⁃tain extent.Among them Chinese herbal medicine formula I was more effective in improving the growth performance of finishing pigs,and Chi⁃nese herbal medicine formulaⅡwas more effective in improving the muscle quality of finishing pigs.