我国散养肉羊养殖成本效率和养殖效益的影响因素研究——基于5个样本省份(自治区)的面板数据

Cost efficiency and culture benefits of free-range mutton sheep breeding in China——Based on panel data of 5 sample provinces (autonomous regions)

散养肉羊养殖效益的提高对我国肉羊产业的发展有着重要的现实意义,而提高肉羊养殖成本效率是实现肉羊养殖效益提升的主要途径。本研究基于2006—2019年我国5个样本省份(自治区)与散养肉羊养殖相关的省际面板数据,将总成本作为被解释变量,将主产品产量、人工价格、饲料价格、仔畜价格、年份作为解释变量,将医疗防疫费用、固定资产折旧费用、死亡损失费用、修理维护费用、饲养天数、销售价格、精饲料投入比和受教育年限作为成本非效率项变量,采用超越对数随机前沿模型(Translog-SFA)对我国散养肉羊养殖成本效率的影响因素进行分析,并测算我国5个样本省份(自治区)的散养肉羊养殖成本效率;将散养肉羊养殖总产值作为衡量散养肉羊养殖效益的依据,采用灰色关联度法研究不同影响因素对散养肉羊养殖效益的影响程度。结果表明:人工价格在1%统计性水平上短期内对散养肉羊养殖成本效率具有显著正向影响;主产品产量在1%统计性水平上长期内对散养肉羊养殖成本效率具有显著正向影响;主产品产量和饲料价格的相互作用、饲料价格和人工价格的相互作用分别在1%和5%统计性水平上对散养肉羊养殖成本效率具有显著正向影响;技术进步短期内在5%统计性水平上对散养肉羊成本效率具有显著正向影响,但长期来看对散养肉羊成本效率的影响不显著;销售价格、精饲料投入比均在5%统计性水平上对散养肉羊养殖成本效率具有显著负向影响。2006—2019年我国5个样本省份(自治区)散养肉羊成本效率平均值为0.8976,从高到低分别为黑龙江省(0.9601)、山东省(0.9092)、河南省(0.9019)、陕西省(0.8837)和新疆维吾尔自治区(0.8330)。销售价格、仔畜价格、修理费用对散养肉羊养殖效益影响程度较大,人工价格、饲养天数和精饲料投入比对散养肉羊养殖效益的影响程度较小。鉴于此,笔者提出提高养殖户的养殖基本技能、完善肉羊养殖补贴政策、强化科技支撑力度的政策建议。

The improvement of the breeding benefits of free-range mutton sheep has important practical significance for the development of China’s mutton sheep industry, and improving the cost efficiency of mutton sheep breeding is the main way to improve the efficiency of mutton sheep breeding. This study was based on inter-provincial panel data related to free-range mutton sheep breeding in 5 sample provinces(autonomous regions) in China from 2006 to 2019. The total cost was taken as explained variable the output of main product, labor price, feed price, young stock price and year were taken as explanatory variables, and medical and epidemic prevention costs, depreciation costs of fixed assets, death loss costs, repair and maintenance costs, breeding days, sales price, feed ratio and years of education were taken as cost inefficiency variables. Translog-SFA was used to analyze the influencing factors of the cost efficiency of free-range mutton sheep breeding in China, and calculate the cost efficiency of free-range mutton sheep breeding in 5 sample provinces(autonomous regions) in China. The total output value of free-range mutton sheep was taken as the basis to measure the benefits of free-range mutton sheep, and the influence degree of different influencing factors variable on the benefits of free-range mutton sheep was studied by using grey correlation degree method. The results showed that the labor price had a significant positive impact on the cost efficiency of free-range mutton sheep breeding at a statistical level of 1% in the short term. The output of main products had a significant positive impact on the cost efficiency of free-range mutton sheep breeding at a statistical level of 1% in the long run. The interaction between main product output and feed price, and the interaction between feed price and labor price had a significant positive impact on the cost efficiency of free-range mutton sheep breeding at the statistical level of 1% and 5%. Technological progress had a significant impact on the cost efficiency of free-range mutton sheep at the statistical level of 5% in the short term, but had no significant impact on the cost efficiency of mutton sheep in the long term. The sales price and concentrate feed input ratio had significant negative impacts on the cost efficiency of free-range mutton sheep breeding at the 5% statistical level. From 2006 to 2019, the average cost efficiency of free-range mutton sheep in the five sample provinces(autonomous regions) in China was 0.897 6, the cost effciency from high to low was Heilongjiang Province(0.960 1), Shandong Province(0.909 2), Henan Province(0.901 9), Shaanxi Province(0.883 7) and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(0.833 0). The sales price, calf price and repair cost had a greater impact on the breeding efficiency of free-range mutton sheep, while the labor price, feeding days and the input ratio of concentrated feed had less influence on the breeding efficiency of free-range mutton sheep. In view of this, the author put forward policy suggestions to improve the basic skills of farmers, improve the subsidy policy for mutton sheep breeding, and strengthen the support of science and technology.