猪瘟病毒新型检测技术的研究进展

Research progress on new detection technology of Classical swine fever virus

猪瘟病毒(Classical swine fever virus,CSFV)是一种能引起猪只急性、热性和全身性败血性疾病的RNA病毒,妊娠母猪、种用公猪感染后分别表现为繁殖障碍和精液带毒,仔猪感染后出现神经症状。我国是生猪养殖和消费大国,生猪养殖量和存栏量均占全球总量一半以上,加上生猪养殖规模化程度低,生猪调运频次高、数量多,一旦爆发猪瘟会给我国生猪养殖业带来重大经济损失。笔者总结了近年来CSFV的检测技术,传统检测技术包括酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)、聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR),新型检测技术包括免疫层析试纸条、免疫色谱横向流动检测(immuno-chromatographic lateral flow assay,LFA)、抗原捕获酶免疫分析(antigen-capture enzyme immunoassay,EIA)、化学发光免疫分析(chemiluminescence immunoassays,CLIA)、环介导等温扩增(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)、重组酶介导扩增(recombinase-aid amplifacation,RAA)、微滴式数字PCR(microdroplet digital PCR,ddPCR)及其他新型检测技术等,分析上述检测方法的优缺点,以期为临床上检测猪瘟病毒提供可靠有效的方法指导。

Classical swine fever virus(CSFV) is an RNA virus that can cause acute, febrile and systemic septicaemic disease in pigs. Pregnant sows and breeding boars showed reproductive dysfunction and semen virulence respectively, and piglets showed neurological symptoms after infection. China is a big country in pig breeding and consumption, and the pig breeding and breeding stock account for more than half of the global total.In addition, the scale of pig breeding is low, and the frequency and quantity of live pigs are high. The outbreak of swine fever will bring great economic losses to China’s pig breeding industry.The author summarized the detection technologies of CSFV in recent years. Traditional detection technologies include enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), polymerase chain reaction(PCR), and new detection technologies include immuno-chromatographic test strips, immuno-chromatographic lateral flow assay(LFA), antigen-capture enzyme immunoassay(EIA), chemiluminescence immunoassays(CLIA), loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP), recombinase-aid amplifacation(RAA), microdroplet digital PCR(ddPCR) and other new detection technologies, etc.The advantages and disadvantages of the above detection methods were analyzed in order to provide reliable and effective guidance for clinical detection of classical swine fever virus.